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CNS (Lots of drugs that work via this (Certain stimulants (Theobromine…

- - - - found in chocolate
      - Cough suppressant
- - - - Regulates involuntary bodily procedures
        
        Cardiac muscle
        
        heart rate
        
        respiration
        
        digestion
        
        pupil contraction
        
        Smooth muscle
        
        Bronchiole size
        
        Blood vessel size
        
        Glands
        
        sweat
        
        pancreas
        
        salivary
        
        Hair follicles
      - Has two parts
        
        Sympathetic NS
        
        Also called
        
        Fight or Flight
        
        Adrenergic
        
        Like adrenaline
        
        Catecholamine
        
        "go cat go!"
        
        prepares the body for stress and action
        
        Dilates
        
        Bronchioles
        
        Pupils
        
        Blood vessels to skeletal muscle
        
        Constricts
        
        Blood vessels to smooth muscle (GI tract)
        
        Increases
        
        Heart rate
        
        Cardiac output
        
        Resp rate
        
        Blood glucose
        
        Decreases
        
        GI tract activity
        
        Digestion
        
        Salivation
        
        Urination
        
        Defecation
        
        Receptors
        
        Alpha-1
        
        Arteriole vasoconstriction
        
        raises heart rate
        
        Pupil dilation
        
        Increased urethral tone
        
        Alpha-2
        
        Inhibits sympathetic activity
        
        Still a sympathetic receptor, but it has an opposite effect
        
        Beta-1
        
        aka 1 heart
        
        Increases
        
        heart rate
        
        contractality
        
        Beta-2
        
        aka 2 lungs
        
        Dilates
        
        Skeletal muscle vessels
        
        Bronchi
        
        Dopaminergic
        
        Dilates
        
        Kidney blood vessels
        
        cardiac blood vessels
        
        mesenteric (gut) blood vessels
        
        neurotransmitters
        
        gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
        
        epinephrine
        
        norepinephrine
        
        dopamine
        
        seratonin
        
        Parasympathetic NS
        
        Also called
        
        Rest and Digest
        
        Cholinergic
        
        Returns the body to normal
        
        Stimulates
        
        Digestion
        
        Salivation
        
        Pancreatic enzymes
        
        Contricts
        
        pupils
        
        bronchioles
        
        Decreases
        
        heart rate
        
        resp rate
        
        Receptors
        
        Nicotinic
        
        Affects skeletal muscle
        
        Muscarinic
        
        stimulates smooth muscle
        
        increases secretions
        
        intestinal
        
        bronchial
        
        ocular
        
        slows heart rate
        
        neurotransmitter
        
        Acetylcholine
      - Automatic (Involuntary)
    - - Carries sensory information from sensory organs to CNS
      - Commands muscles
      - Controls voluntary movement
      - Voluntary
- - - - In two ways
        
        Interfere with the release of the neurotransmitter
        
        Block the attachment of neurotransmitters at receptors
        
        Competitive Antagonism
        
        Binding prevents binding of agonist
        
        Noncompetitive Antagonism
        
        Angonist and antagonist can be bound simultaneously but the antagonist binding reduces or prevents agonist action
  - - - The breakdown of a neurotransmitter from the synaptic space
      - the reuptake of a neurotransmitter from the synaptic space
    - - Keeps the serotonin hanging out in the receptors longer
- - - - Then it is:
        
        parasympathomimetic agent
        
        aka miming the parasympathetic
        
        STIMULATING acetylcholine receptors
      - Used for:
        
        GI stimulation
        
        To encourage urination + defecation
        
        antidote for neuromuscular blockers
        
        reducing IOP
        
        (can be used to treat glaucoma)
        
        aid in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
      - DRUG EXAMPLES:
        
        metoclopramide (Reglan)
        
        coordinates gastric motility and emptying to control vomiting
    - - Then it is:
        
        parasympatholytic
        
        Anti-cholinergic
        
        cholinergic blocking agent
        
        BLOCKING acetylcholine receptors
      - Used for:
        
        SLUDDE
        
        Salivation
        
        Lacrimation
        
        Urination
        
        Defecation
        
        Dyspnea
        
        Emesis
      - DRUG EXAMPLES:
        
        atropine
        
        ophthalmic use (dilate eyes)
        
        pre-anesthetic
        
        organophosphate antidote
        
        gycopyrrolate (Robinol-V)
        
        mainly pre-anesthetic
        
        organophosphate antidote
  - - - Then it is:
        
        Sympathetic agonist
        
        sympathomimetic
      - Used for:
        
        Stimulate heart beats and strengthen contraction
        
        Treat shock
        
        they reverse hypotension and increase bronchoconstriction
        
        Treat urinary incontinence
        
        strengthens sphincter muscle
      - DRUG EXAMPLES:
        
        doxapram (Dopram)
        
        increases respiration in apneic or bradypneic patients
        
        phenylpropanolamine PPA (Prion)
        
        Used to treat urinary incontinence
        
        epinephrine (Adrenalin)
        
        "jump starts" the heart
        
        Emergency drug
      - Alpha 2 Agonists?
        
        used in anesthesia for analgesic and sedative effects
        
        Have several distinct effects
        
        sedation
        
        analgesia
        
        hypotension
        
        They decrease outflow to the heart and blood vessels
    - - Then it is:
        
        sympatholytic
      - Used for:
        
        Alpha Blocking
        
        Lower blood pressure
        
        promote peripheral vasodilation
        
        Beta Blocking
        
        Lower blood pressure
        
        Lower heart rate