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The nervous system (synapse (drug effects on synapse (release/degredation…

- - - - has synaptic cleft
- - - - microglia
      - ependymal cells
      - astrocytes
      - schwann cells
      - oligodendrocytes
- - - - Na+/K+ ATPase
      - Na+/K+ leak channels
  - - - straight conduction (slower)
      - saltatorial conduction (faster)
- - - - catecholamines
        
        dopamine
        
        epinephrine
        
        norepinephrin
      - serotonin
      - histamine
    - - excitatory
        
        Glutamate
      - inhibitory
        
        GABA
        
        glycine
    - - opioids
      - oxytocin
      - tachykinins
  - - - neurotransmitters elicit excitatory or inhibitory responses
      - neuromodulators respond in ways not labeled as such, such as modifying postsynaptic cell's response to neurotransmitter or change presynaptic cell's synthesis, release, reuptake of NT
    - - receptors for neuromodulators typically change metabolic processes in G-proteins, can take minutes to hours to days
      - receptors for neurotransmitters release ion channels directly
    - - neurotransmitters involved in rapid communication
      - neuromodulators involved in slower events like learning and development
- - - - no leak channels in internode
      - increased axon diameter in internode
      - no charge storage in plasma membrane
    - - alters protein localization
      - alters posttrranslational mod. of axonal proteins
      - changes gene expression