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UK vs Norway energy security (Availability/ Cost (UK (Until 1970's…
UK vs Norway energy security
Availability/ Cost
UK
Until 1970's depended on coal reserves from South Wales, Derby shire, Yorkshire, Nottingham-shire and N.E and was leader in developing nuclear technology. Discovery of oil reserves in North Sea changed energy mix as these became increasingly used
North Sea oil seen as secure alternative to Middle East, however is expensive to extract, so if prices fall less viable, stocks are also declining
Norway
Due to mountainous landscape and high rainfall, HEP is natural choice. Most oil and gas from Norway is exported as is coal from Svalbard
Norsk Hdro runs over 600 HEP sites supplying <97.5% renewable energy. Once infrastructure in place, HEP is low cost but transferring energy from remote regions to urban populations is expensive
Technology/Development
Norway
Deepwater drilling enabled oil and gas extraction
GDP/capita: $61,500
Energy use per capita: 5854kg oil equivalent
Avg. annual household energy cost: £2400
UK
Avg. annual household energy cost: £1300
Energy use per capita: 2752kg oil equivalent
GDP/capita: $41,200
150 years worth of coal in UK but technology/environmental policy makes it expensive/unrealistic. Technology exists for 'clean coal' absorbing CO2 emissions but has little political support
Political/Environmental factors
Norway
Committed to 40% reduction by 2030 in domestic greenhouse gas from 1990 levels in 2015. 4th largets exporter of hydrocarbons and expanding output. aims to be carbon neutral by 2050, CO2 emission per capita 11.74 tons in 2015
HEP used since 1907 and Norwegian Water and Energy Directorate manages national power supply. Govt has interventionist policy, preventing foreign companies owning any primary energy source sites eg forests/waterfalls/mines. Royalties and taxes from fossil fuel sale go to govt for spending and investing in environmentally sustainable supply for fossil fuel free future
UK
Committed to 40% reduction by 2030 in domestic greenhouse gas from 1990 levels in 2015. Intends to broaden energy mix with renewable and nuclear. CO2 emission per capita 7.13tons in 2015
Importing energy affects energy security, making it a political issue. Public concerns over nuclear and fracking. Privatisation in 1980's means private foreign companies decide what sources are used to meet demand