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ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS Screenshot_2019-09-03-10-02-19-1-1 (NURSING…
ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS 
is the inflammation and damage of renal glomeruli that occurs 2-3 weeks following infections of the upper respiratory tract or skin by group A haemolytic streptococcus
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CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
retention of waste products, sodium and water, resulting in the presence of oedema (peripheral,sacral or periorbital)
possible dull bilateral flank pain, headache, fever, oliguria
the typcal signs and symptoms associated with acute GN are haemoturia, protenuria, uraemia, these reflect damage to the glomeruli
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a history of recent upper respiratory tract infection,a sore throat or skin infection
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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when the glomerula is injured, its membranes porosity is increased thus allowing proteins and RBC's to filter through with the filtrate into the renal tubule, resulting in proteinuria and haematuria
the antigen-antibody complexes in the circulation become trapped in the glomerular capillaries and induce an inflammatory response, which results in the damage to the glomerulus
as sodium and water are retained, there may be a degree of oedema and hypertension
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DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
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throat swabs and blood cultures may be done to determine the presence of infection, the ASO titre may be posetive
routine and laboratory urine tests, including 24-hour urinary protein excretion monitoring to provide data regarding proteinuria, haematuria and the presence of RBC's casts
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NURSING MANAGEMENT
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infection-prevention measures must be instituted such as giving antibiotics such as penicilin as prescribed
corticosteroids may be given to supress the immune system,thereby reducing the formationof antibodies
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