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Causes of Economic Water Scarcity :star: (Occurs when dvlpmt of water…

- - - - :female-farmer::skin-tone-4: Local Scale: Ineffective agricultural and industrial practices
        
        80% of municipal wastewater is discharged into water bodies untreated
        
        More severe in CLLDs where there is a lack of governance and law enforcement to ensure wastewater is treated, causing ↓ in quality of water bodies
        
        Old and leaky irrigation systems (esp in CLLDs) and cultivation of inappropriate thirsty crops not suited to the environment causes WS
        
        Over-extraction from rivers for agriculture results in an ↑ in soil salinity and when pesticides are washed into rivers quality of water is affected
        
        In the EU, 38% of water bodies are under pressure from agricultural production
      - :globe_with_meridians: Transnational Scale: Damming
        
        Dams poses as a hazard for downstream riparian states as the quality and quantity of water is affected
        
        Dams lead to riverbed deepening below the reservoir, lowering the GW along a river downstream and threaten local wells
        
        Sediments can trap behind the dam ↓ water quality due to sedimentation
        
        ↑ SA of water exposed to Sun, ↑ evaporation.
        
        Annually, 11.2km3 of water evaporates from Nasser Reservoir behind the High Aswan Dam, accounting for 10% of its storage