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Individual Biases (Week 3) (Consistently Gd Behaviours vs Moral Licensing…
Individual Biases
(Week 3)
Want/ Should Conflict
Want
- immediate pleasure: what we "want"
Should
- long-term interests: what we "should" have
Escalation of Commitment vs
Moral Licensing vs Moral Compensating
Escalation of Commitment
- Y/Y; resolve cognitive dissonance, once you say Y easier to do 2nd time, easier than N/N
Licensing
- N/Y; inconsistent, unsure if trick, do sth gd then feel licensed to do sth wrong, moral elevation may make u do wrong next time
Compensating
- Y/N; inconsistent, feel bad abt doing sth wrong, fix it by doing sth gd, becomes expected of you
Consistent
- N/N; resisted sth wrong, adhering to value, do gd agn, more difficult than Y/Y
Implicit Bias/ Prejudice
In-grp Favourtism
Over-claiming Credit
Conflict of Interest (and Motivated Blindness)
Indirect Blindness
Overvaluing Outcomes
Consistently Gd Behaviours vs Moral Licensing
Level of Construal
Abstract vs Concrete
How their initial behaviour relates to abstract values and principles (leading to consistency)
OR
if their initial behaviour suggests concrete choices and tangible outcomes (leading to benefits)
The father sth is perceived to be from direct experience (e.g. space, time, likelihood), the higher its level of construal
Abstract
- superordinate goals and values --> consistency
Concrete
- actions and consequences --> balancing
Principles vs Consequences
Deontology
- rigorous application of principles across situations; more abstract construal of moral behaviour --> consistency
Consequentialism
- evaluates rightness of an act thru cost-benefit analysis, allows for flexibility and trade-offs; more concrete representation of moral behaviour --> balancing
Commitment vs Progress
Identity RelevanceL High vs Low Identfication
Value Reflection vs not: Costly Initial Act; Private vs Public Initial Act
Diagnosticity of Initial Behaviour: Plausible External Justification vs not
Ambiguity of Target Behaviour: Low vs High
"Trying hard is not enough"
Be vigilant
Gather data
Shape your environment
Broaden decision making