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INSTRUMENTATION (ELISA (Advantages- high thorough output and assay can be…
INSTRUMENTATION
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate based assay technique that detects and quantifies substances such as peptides, proteins, antibodies and hormones
Advantages- high thorough output and assay can be easily adapted
Disadvantages- limited antigen information
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Spectrophotometry
method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. The basic principle is that each compound absorbs or transmits light over a certain range of wavelength
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Fluorometry
Advantages- High sensitivity, specificity and fast and rapid diagnostic ability
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Chemiluminescence
Advantages- high intensity, absence of interfering emissions, rapid acquisition of the analytical signal, high stability of reagents and low consumption of reagents
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Atomic Absorption
Advantages- accuracy, easy to use, high precision, inexpensive and can measure all the way down to the parts per billion of the gram
Disadvantages- only solutions can be analyzed, large samples are required and problems with refractory elements
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Nephlometry
determination of the intensity of light scatter using a detector placed at right angles to the incident light path and detecting light of the same wavelength as the incident light
Advantages- gives precise results in an automated system, easily automated, high sensitivity and precision
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Turbidimetry
Advantages- very accurate for samples with low turbidity, one of the most easiest water analysis techniques and able to interface with other equipment
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Osmometry
Advantages- preforms rapid and inexpensive measurement, simple and reliable, uses small sample size and ideal for dilute biological and aqueous solution
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Device used to measure parameters of visible spectrum fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. These parameters are used to identify the presence and the amount of specific molecules in a medium
the emission of light during a chemical reaction which does not produce significant quantities of heat
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spectroanalytical procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements using the absorption of optical radiation by free atoms in the gaseous state. Atomic absorption spectroscopy is based on absorption of light by free metallic ions
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measuring the loss of intensity of transmitted light due to the scattering effect of particles suspended in it
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electrokinetic process which separates charged particles in a fluid using a field of electrical charge
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Disadvantages- high cost, low sensitivity due to light, low reliability due to complexity
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Disadvantages- more sensitive to low concentration, increased cost for instruments and reagents, poor reactivity of certain antisera's with M protein and require high power supply
Disadvantages- high cost, need power supply, easily damaged, light interfaces with false readings and bubbles can be formed that give wrong signals
Disadvantages- gel can melt during electrophoresis, the buffer can become exhausted and different genetic materials can for unpredictable patterns
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