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What are the subdivisions of the ANS? (Sympathetic (Preganglionic fibers…
What are the subdivisions of the ANS?
Parasympathetic
Rest and digest system
Preganglionic fibers
Medulla, pons, and midbrain of brainstem (origin)
Terminal ganglia
Most myelinated
Associated with head
Oculomotor, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves
Innervate organs of thorax/upper abdomen
Vagus nerves
Sacral region
2nd-4th sacral spinal nerves
Impulses to viscera
Preganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine
Cholinergic
Postganglionic fibers
Unmyelinated
Neurons secrete acetylcholine
Cholinergic
One exception - neurons that secrete nitric oxide
Sympathetic
Thoracolumbar division
Preganglionic fibers
Lateral horn of spinal cord (origin)
Ventral roots of spinal cord (exit)
White rami
Sympathetic chain ganglia
Paravertebral ganglia
Chains along vertebral column
Sympathetic trunks
Exception = secretion of norepinephrine + epinephrine
Divergence
Preganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine
Cholinergic
Postganglionic fibers
Sympathetic ganglia to visceral effectors
Gray rami
Postganglionic axons unmyelinated
Neurons secrete norepinephrine
Adrenergic
Exceptions = neurons that stimulate sweat glands and neurons that secrete acetylcholine
Fight or flight response
Craniosacral division