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Hardware and software (Ports (Parallel Port (A parallel port is a type of…
Hardware and software
Ports
Parallel Port
A parallel port is a type of interface found on computers (personal and otherwise) for connecting peripherals. The name refers to the way the data is sent; parallel ports send multiple bits of data at once
Serial Port
a serial port is a serial communication interface through which information transfers in or out one bit at a time (in contrast to a parallel port)
USB Port
USB stands for Universal Serial Bus, an industry standard for short-distance digital data communications. USB ports allow USB devices to be connected to each other with and transfer digital data over USB cables. They can also supply electric power across the cable to devices that need it
Memory
Main Memory
RAM (Random Access Memory) is the hardware in a computing device where the operating system (OS), application programs and data in current use are kept so they can be quickly reached by the device's processor.
Cache Memory
The purpose of cache memory is to store program instructions and data that are used repeatedly in the operation of programs or information that the CPU is likely to need next. The computer processor can access this information quickly from the cache rather than having to get it from computer's main memory.
Internal Memory
Internal memory is used to store data that is used by the system at start-up and to run various types of programs such as the operating system.
Fetch execute cycle
Program counter
A program counter (PC) is a CPU register in the computer processor which has the address of the next instruction to be executed from memory. It is a digital counter needed for faster execution of tasks as well as for tracking the current execution point.
The I/O countroller
The main purpose of this system is to help in the interaction of peripheral devices with the control units (CUs).
Memory address register
In a computer, the Memory Address Register (MAR) is the CPU register that either stores the memory address from which data will be fetched from the CPU, or the address to which data will be sent and stored.
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Buses
Data Bus
A data bus is a system within a computer or device, consisting of a connector or set of wires, that provides transportation for data.
Control bus
The control bus is bidirectional and assists the CPU in synchronizing control signals to internal devices and external components. It is comprised of interrupt lines, byte enable lines, read/write signals and status lines.
Address Bus
An address bus is a computer bus architecture. It is used to transfer data between devices. The devices are identified by the hardware address of the physical memory
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