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Cross-cultural dev perspectives (Studies (Fong et al (Box, Jar, WEIRD…
Cross-cultural dev perspectives
Studies
Asch test
Children aged 3-5 years conformed at highest rates: chose obvs smaller line 85% of time
Corriveau & Harris (2010)
Expt 1: line judgment
Expt 2: practical line judgment
Testing for: Social vs. perceptual
Corriveau et al (2013)
Public vs. private setting. Testing social pressure
Diyanni et al
tools used for crushing cookies: functionally affordant to non-affordant
Single model vs. consensus for Caucasian American vs. Chinese American
Fong et al
Box
Jar
WEIRD countries vs. non WEIRD countries
Did it in Malaysian indigenous, malaysian town, Australian city with normative tool use being MI>MT> AC
Haun et al (2006)
Apes finding, hiding. Egocentric, object-centered, geocentric
Penkunas & Coss (2013)
3-5 yr old children, adults
Rxn time for lions and antelopes. Tested prediction that historically dangerous predators lead to rapid detection
Consistent w child dev studies in Western countries. Actually limits generalising findings to other cultures
Bangalore, rural areas of Southern India located threatening animals faster
Arnett (2008)
Analysed top journals in 6 sub disciplines of psych 2003-2007
68% subjects USA
96% WEIRD
Pollet & Saxton (2018)
Psychology vs. Chemistry WEIRD countries samples
Gordon Gallup Jnr (1970)
Monkeys, apes mirror self recognition
Ross et al (2017)
Independent (often geographically Western cultures) conceive of self as distinct, autonomous indv; interdependent (Asian cultures) conceive of self in relation to others
Bornstein
The larger the number of methods, ages/cultures studied, the more compelling the conclusion that obsv findings can be validly attributed to theoretical dimension of interest
Defns
Conformity
In most contemp Western cultures, independence, indv are emphasised, encouragement to be unique. Independence valued. Low conformity/creativity as sign of intelligence
In Asian cultures, community, harmony w/i group emphasised, interdependence valued. Non-conformity=social deviance
Action in accord w prevailing social standards, attitudes, practices. Gets expressed diff depending on cultural background
What is the status now?
Very small % of studies sampling general adult population--> annoying. None of studies in those years used sample of general population
Cultural diff in MSR
Presents infants w look of outer appearance, expects them to be motivated to act on it. Provide natural test of self-awareness in individualistic cultures
Less impt dev milestone in relational cultures
BUT although we can accurately consider MSR universal infant achievement, X mean that test measures aspect of self-awareness most relevant
Predicted 13.8% of variance. Only autonomous/heteronymous urban/rural variable can be used indv to predict success
Highlights impt of recognising that measurement of self-awareness depends on context of dev
BUT need more caution in measuring self awareness. Reasons to show that MSR test may not provide full profile of self-awareness, challenging for ppl whose dominant perspective on self is interdependent