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Early European Colonization (Spain (Economic pursuits (15th century,…
Early European Colonization
Spain
Geographic location
Coastlines on the Bay of Biscay (a part of the Atlantic Ocean) and the Mediterranean Sea
St. Augustine in Florida was established as a Spanish fort in 1565
Economic pursuits
15th century, Spain's explorers sought power and wealth in the Americas
Gold
Conquest
Labor systems
Minerals and agricultural crops like sugar cane and tobacco, required labor to harvest them from the land
Settlers turned to established Spanish legal and economic systems to fill their labor needs
An
encomienda
("a trust") deeded Indians to the colonists for labor purposes
The system thrived- mostly in cultures like Mexico/Peru (forced labor was a long tradition. Working for the Spaniards merely working for local chiefs
encomienda system limited the amount of work Indians had to do in a given year, but, horribly abused
Indians were overworked and underpaid and became in effect forced slave laborers
Short and well-defined
Religion/Evangelism
Catholic
Roman Catholicism
Tried to convert Indians to catholosim
Strong
Relationship with Native Americans
Lead them
More conquest
France
Geographic location
New France- 1534 (Newfoundland to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Rocky Mountains to the Hudsin Bay
Economic pursuits
Fur Trade- fed European demand for pelts
Not as much land
Labor systems
Farmers
Slaves
Religion/Evangelism
Catholic
With priests
Missionaries established Montreal in 1642
Catholicism was the legally required religion
Relationship with Native Americans
They lead
Motives shaped it
Not viewed as competition
French fur traders often learned Native American languages, leading to more peaceful relations with Native Americans
Fur traders intermarried and formed relationships with Native American women
In return, the fur trader offered his Native American wife, and by proxy her tribe, access to European-made trade goods and prestige.
Rather than Native Americans giving up their culture with conversion, Jesuits promoted conversion to Christianity not forcing converts to give up traditional ways of life