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Stems (growth (vascular bundles) (exterior cells (protophloem (closest to…
Stems
growth (vascular bundles)
apical meristems
subapical meristem
stop dividing
protoxylem
first
#
differentiate
metaxlyem
dont have to be extensible
walls
helical
annular
maturity
dead
protoderm
ground meristem
provascular tissue
produces
primary tissues
activity
primary growth
divides
mitosis
cytokinesis
exterior cells
protophloem
closest to
#
stop dividing
metaphloem
mature
walls identical
indeterminate growth
size
not determined by genes
indeterminate organogenesis
exceptional
annual
1 year
biennial
2 years
Cells and Tissues
Collenchyma
#
elongated shoot tips
#
vine-like
weak
damaged by wind
water
none causes wilting
support
#
glucose
thick walls
#
primary wall
Sclerenchyma
primary wall
#
secondary wall
elastic
develope from
#
fibers
#
long
sclereids
#
short
brittle
Parenchyma
#
primary walls
most common
tissue
most common type
dye at maturity
phloem
all soft parts of plant
Chlorenchyma cells
many chloroplast
thin walls
Glandular Cells
secrete subtances
few chloroplasts
many dictyosomes
er
transport
sugar
minerals
transport out
Transfer cells
surface area increased
knobs, ridges
large scale
pumping
epidermis
single layer
#
thin-walled
cutin
fatty
impermeable
#
cuticle
wax
cells
guard
pair
protect
cellulose
swell
stoma
CO2
enters
O2
exit
elongate
trichomes
hairs
block sunlight
multiple celled
many forms
mature cells
#
#
#
#
differentiation
early
protoderm
interior
cortex
#
#
homogenous
ground meristem
vascular tissues
xylem
conducts
minerals
water
cells
#
tracheids
reticular thickening
weak
circular bordered pits
groups
pit membrane
#
vessel elements
less friction
h2o moves easier
differentiation
perforation
stack
vessel
absorb h20 from other cells
annular thickening
primary wall
large surface area
#
secondary wall
helical thickening
phloem
#
distributes
minerals
sugar
conducting
sieve
albuminous cells
sieve tube members
plates
short
transport
sap
#
companion cells
load sugars
sieve element
differentiates
plasmodesmota
alive during
sieve pores
groups
areas
increase cytoplasm
young cells
provascular tissue
vascular bundles
#
occur together
#
#
interior to cortex
parallel
surrounding pith
primary x.
#
larger
primary p.
collateral
shoot
nodes
leaves
axil
axillary bud
bud scales
waxy
protect organs
phyllotaxy
positioning
one
alternate
3+
whorled
two
opposite
internodes
explore
stolons
"runners"
nutrient storage
#
bulbs
thick
#
corms
tubers
rhizomes
External
Internal
