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A Brief History of Ideology - Timeline (From the Middle Ages to the 20th…
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Renaissance - 1400s
Erasmus
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Desiderius Erasmus was a Dutch humanist and a great scholar of the northern Renaissance. He was the first editor of the New Testament and encouraged the growing urge for reform.
He applied his intellect to ancient Biblical texts to challenge established orthodoxies in the Catholic Church.
It was the ability of human beings to be reborn and to show individual potential. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 led to the return and rediscovery of Ancient Greek/Roman ideas into Europe.
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The "Renaissance" (rebirth) that followed was encouraged by the printing press, which spread knowledge to a degree not sign again until the birth of the Internet.
Da Vinci
Humanism
He had a deep engagement with the world inspired his compassion for people, animals and the environment.
He valued human dignity and education, while seeking humanity's natural place within the universe.
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17th/18th Century
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Oliver Cromwell (with religion): English revolutionary (Puritan) shared Calvin'sview of human nature. He reached the conclusion that nobody could therefore claim superiority over anyone else. 'Englightenment' philosophers had a much more positive view of human nature.
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16th/17th Century
Thomas Hobbes
Progressive, need an authoritarian government, an atheist but also a monarchist - no need for supernatural figures, "human nature is essentially selfish and violent', the man of the people. He lived during the time of Charles I, the ultimate proponent of Divine Right.
He described the typical lifespan of humans as being "nasty, brutish and short".
In his classic work 'Leviathan', he justified the rule of an 'Enlightened Despot".
John Calvin
Conservative, need for an authoritarian government, need for religion.
Calvin in Geneva, in the second wave of the Protestant Reformation, reigned in the "Popular" Reformation and imposed a rigorous "Magisterial" Reformation that stressed order and discipline.
This provoked a backlash against his rule, with an opposition group called "The Libertines". They would yawn loudly and fart during his compulsory Sunday sermons...
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The 20th Century - WWI
Russian, Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian and German empires collapse.
Lenin in Russia
Lenin was interested in practical application. His idea was 'hothousing' a revolution in a backward peasant state.
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The first regime set up in the name of Marxism was the Soviet Union following the October Revolution of 1917.
The center = Keynsianism, Welfarism and Consenus Politics
Keynes
New way of organizing the economy - the concept of 'spending your way out of a Depression' through international loans
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In the era of Trump and Brexit, politics is shifting to the right...
