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60 year old women experiences myocardial infarction, resulting in failure…

- - - - inferior vena cava
        
        RIGHT ATRIUM
        
        tricupid valve
        
        Right ventricle
        
        pulmonary semilunar valve
        
        Pulmonary trunk
        
        1 more item...
  - - - 4 chambers
        
        Left atrium
        
        Receives oxygenated blood from left and right pulmonary veins
        
        Pumps blood to left ventricle
        
        Bicuspid 'mitral' valve guards outlet
        
        Right atrium
        
        Receives deoxygenated blood from superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
        
        smooth walled posterior part
        
        pectinate muscle- bundles of muscle tissue located on anterior portion of atrial wall - aids in contraction
        
        Pacemaker is embedded in wall
        
        Tricupsid valve guards outlet
        
        Left ventricle
        
        Papillary Muscles of the left ventricle attach via chordae tendinae to mitral valve - helps to prevent back flow into left atrium
        
        thicker myocardium
        
        Blood is pumped out of the aortic valve when left ventricle contracts
        
        Right ventricle
        
        extends from right atrium to apex of heart
        
        pumps blood into pulmonary trunk
        
        contains papillary muscle which attach via chordae tendinae to the tricuspid valve - helps to prevent back flow into right atrium
  - - - closure of mitral and tricuspid valve at the start of systole
    - - closure of aortic and pulmonic valve, marking the end of systole
  - - - ventricular diastole: valve opens, allows ventricles fill
      - ventricular systole: valve closes, preventing reflux in atrium
    - - ventricular diastole: opens valve allowing filling
      - ventricular systole: closed valve prevenst reflux from LV to LA
    - - opens during systole- blood is ejected from left ventricle into aorta
      - closes during diastole- prevents reflux from aorta into left ventricle
    - - systole: valve opens, blood leaves the right ventricle
      - diastole: valve closes, preventing right reflux into right ventricle
  - - - EDV: amount of blood collected in a ventricle during diastole
        
        preload affects edv
        
        Preload- degree where cardiac muscles are stretched before they contract
        
        EDV- determined by how long diastole lasts and venous pressure
        
        normally 120 ml
      - ESV: volume of blood remaining in a ventricle after it has contracted
        
        Afterload and contractility affect ESV
        
        Afterload- pressure during blood ejection
        
        ESV- determined by arterial blood pressure and force of ventricular contraction
        
        Approximately 50 ml
    - - stroke volume- the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle during each beat
      - Normal resting value for heart rate (75 beats/min)
      - stroke volume: 70ml/beat
      - normal adult blood volume 5L
      - cardiac output- amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle in 1 minute
      - Heart Rate- affected by sympathetic and parasympathetic activities