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American West (Crime (Corrupt lawmen, Life was hard- camps grew too rapid…
American West
Crime
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Everyone owned a gun, gun fights and murder
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saloons, gamblers, prostitutes, swindlers, outlaws
"Hell on wheels" The Reno Gang were civil war deserters and in 1866 robbed a train claiming$16,000 and $96,000 on their fourth robbery. Once caught they were lynched
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Billy The Kid: Involved in Cattle rustling and horse stealing and was notorious for escaping jail. After the Lincoln county war 1878( His friend murphy who was a rancher against a Cattle baron John chisum) was killed. Billy wanted revenge and had support from Mexicans and the county. Billy was eventually tracked down and eventually killed.
Laws
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Indian Removal Act 1830
46,000 Natives living east of US moved to West of Mississippi River. Aimed to keep whites and natives segregated
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The Homestead Act
Promoted the settlement of the west. lots of farmers paying property taxes would give a big boost to the economy
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plots were 160 acre, enough land to support a family
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Conflict
Little Crow's War 1862
N.o white settlers was increasing and there were less animals to hunt. Little crow (chief of Dakota Sioux tribe) gave up 24 acres of land in exchange for 1.4m and 80,000 in provisions or cash. Since they had been cheated by the whites they stole food and provisions from Warehouses, burnt down Agency buidings, attacked towns and army forts, settlers wre slaughtered, 600 settlers and US soldiers were killed with 400 Dakota sioux members put on trial and killed without proof of guilt.
Cause
- Before treaty they were in debt so Us gov used this as excuse to not pay
- They starved tribes until they paid for high food prices
Sand Creek Massacre 1864
Fort leramie guaranteed Cheyenn and Arapaho large amounts of land but when gold was discovered In Colarado territory prospectors crossed land, scaring the buffalo and deer. Treaty of fort wise agreed to move natives ontoreservations but Warrior Brotherhoods rejected. Black kettle set up a camp at Sand Creek but the governor John evans was determined to kill hostile natives. Chivington, civil war hero, massacred 130 men, scalped their victims and took their body parts as trophies
Consequence
Pressure from civil war meant they would move them to large reservations with generous payments to survivors but gov backed out and they got 1/2 the land promised in1865
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Red Clouds War 1866-68
Gold was discovered in 1862 Montana and prospectors used a short cut, Bozeman Trail which cut through the Sioux hunting grounds. in 1866 the gov promised food but after the Little Crows war there was little trust. The natives used the Fetterman's trap (they would get spotted purposely and attack travellers) They surrounded Fort Phil Kearny, a fort near trail which stopped movement along the trail.
Little Big Horn 1876
In 1865 the Sioux were given 60 days to return to their reservations as they had left to join the Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, if they did not move they were threatened to be attacked. In 1876 7,000 Sioux gathered between Powder River and Rosebud river awaiting for war.
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The Ghost Dance
Chief Tavibo had revelations that entailed all natives would be resurrected and live forever whilst the whites would die, it spread in hope to return the plains to how it was before Westward expansion. His son, Wovoka took over after he died and the dance was spread. This scared settlers and Chief Sitting Bull was shot dead in response.
Challenges on Plains
Whites
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Sod houses are dirty, infested and turned muddy after rain
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Overcoming Challenges
Farming
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Sulky Plow 1875
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50,000 sold in first 6 years
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Lawlessness
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US Marshal- Responsible for law enforcement, appointed deputies, could order men to join a posse (hunt down law breakers)
Federal Government- made laws for each territory, appointed a governor, 3 judges for court cases and a US marshal
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Wyatt Earp- 1881 recruited and engaged in several conflicts in the town of Tombstone in his efforts to enforce law. Very violent and murdered people with no regards for the law. Wyatt and his brothers were forced to flee Tombstone
Farming
Cattle Industry
Abilene, Kansas 1867
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35,000 cattle's driven along trail by the end of 1867
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John Iliff and Ranching
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Built herd 26,000 cattle (colarado plains)
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