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Biology #5 (Video Notes (`Most enzymes are proteins, Active site=…
Biology #5
Video Notes
`Most enzymes are proteins
Active site= substrate combine/fits into it
induced fit= active site changes slightly to prfectly fit substrate
Build-uo/break down substances
speed reactions
names end in an -ase
Lactase breaks down Lactose
doesnt get used up in reaction
Dont work alone
Cofactors/ Coenzymes fit into sspaces the substrate doesnt fill in the active site
Coenzymes bind to the substrate/enzyme to help do its job
ideal conditions= pH/Temp
Enzymes
Catalyst
: substance that speeds up chemical reactions and is not changed by it
Enzymes
:proteins that function as catalysts
Enzymes reduce the amoount of energy needed for a reaction
Enzymes fit with only one substrate like a key in a lock
Substrate
: substance with which enzymes react
Product
: substance(s) created after the reaction
Catabolic Reaction
: one substance are broken down in two or more other substances
Anabolic Reaction
: two or more substance are combined
Effects of Temp on Enzymes
Optimum Temperature
: temp at which enzymes work best. e.g 37*C in animals
Temp increases, molecules collide with enzyme more in less time; it speeds the process more
If the molecules have more energy, they are more likely to bind to the enzyme's active site.
Temp is too high' enzyme will be denatured; it will lose its shape and not bind with substrate
Temp is too low it will work way too slow
Effects of pH on Enzymes
Enzymes are sensitive to the pH levels of their surroundings
Some work in acids others in alkaline
They work best at their optimum pH
If the pH level is changed; the enzyme will denature
Once it is denatured the substrate will not fit with it
Uses of Enzymes
Seeds
: enzymes break down substancesin the seed needed fro growth
Biological Washing Powder
: certain ernzymes that break down food stains are added to the owder
Food Industry
: certain enzymes enhace the taste of foods.