08 Energy, Power and Climate Change

Sources

Oil

Sankey Diagram

Rightward arrow ➡

Downward arrow ⬇

Wasted energy 🗑

Produced energy ✅

Width of arrow proportional to percentage of energy

Nuclear Energy 💣

Australia largest producer of uranium

99.3% of natural ore is 238U
while 0.7% is 235U

Types of Fuel

dropped image link

but can be increased to 3% through enrichment

Neptunium

Disadvantages

Advantages

Plutonium

Wind 🎐

Wind Power

\(P=\frac{0.5mv^2}{t}\)

\(P=\frac{0.5(\rho Al)v^2}{t}\)

\(P=\frac{KE}{t}\)

Since \(m=\rho Al\)

\(P=0.5\rho Av^3\)

Since \(l=vt\)

Solar ☀

Solar constant

Hydroelectric

Tidal ❌

Pumped Storage

Energy of the Earth

Albedo \(a\)

reflected power/total incident power

Energy Balance Equations

Greenhouse Effect

Carbon Sequestration

energy absorbed by body = energy radiated by body

Radiation

Emissivity \(\epsilon\)

\(\frac{P/A \textrm{ at temp T}}{P/A \textrm{ of black body at temp T}}\)

\(\frac{I \textrm{ at temp T}}{I \textrm{ of black body at temp T}}\)

Solar constant S

Assumption:
Uniform radiation
from the Sun ☀

Sphere of radius \(d\)
centered at sun

\(P=IA=I(4\pi d^2)\)

\(I=\frac{P}{4\pi d^2}\)

Control Rods

Use of neutron absorbing material to control rate of reaction

Moderator

Slows neutrons down so they can be used to initiate further fission reactions

Water 💧

Boron

click to edit

Infrared radiation is radiated by the Earth's surface

IR absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Greenhouse gases reradiate IR in all directions, warming the Earth