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08 Energy, Power and Climate Change (Sources (Nuclear Energy :bomb:…
08 Energy, Power and Climate Change
Sources
Oil
Nuclear Energy :bomb:
Australia largest producer of uranium
99.3% of natural ore is \(^{238}U\)
while 0.7% is \(^{235}U\)
Types of Fuel
but can be increased to 3% through
enrichment
Neptunium
Plutonium
Control Rods
Use of neutron absorbing material to control rate of reaction
Boron
Moderator
Slows neutrons down so they can be used to initiate further fission reactions
Water :droplet:
Disadvantages
Advantages
Wind :wind_chime:
Wind Power
\(P=\frac{0.5mv^2}{t}\)
\(P=\frac{0.5(\rho Al)v^2}{t}\)
Since \(m=\rho Al\)
\(P=0.5\rho Av^3\)
Since \(l=vt\)
\(P=\frac{KE}{t}\)
Solar :sunny:
Solar constant
Hydroelectric
Tidal :red_cross:
Pumped Storage
Sankey Diagram
Rightward arrow :arrow_right:
Produced energy :check:
Downward arrow :arrow_down:
Wasted energy :wastebasket:
Width of arrow proportional to percentage of energy
Energy of the Earth
Albedo \(a\)
reflected power/total incident power
Energy Balance Equations
energy absorbed by body = energy radiated by body
Greenhouse Effect
Infrared radiation is radiated by the Earth's surface
IR absorbed by greenhouse gases
in the atmosphere
Greenhouse gases
reradiate
IR in all directions, warming the Earth
Carbon Sequestration
Solar constant S
Assumption
:
Uniform radiation
from the Sun :sunny:
Sphere of radius \(d\)
centered at sun
\(P=IA=I(4\pi d^2)\)
\(I=\frac{P}{4\pi d^2}\)
Radiation
Emissivity \(\epsilon\)
\(\frac{P/A \textrm{ at temp T}}{P/A \textrm{ of black body at temp T}}\)
\(\frac{I \textrm{ at temp T}}{I \textrm{ of black body at temp T}}\)
