08 Energy, Power and Climate Change
Sources
Oil
Sankey Diagram
Rightward arrow ➡
Downward arrow ⬇
Wasted energy 🗑
Produced energy ✅
Width of arrow proportional to percentage of energy
Nuclear Energy 💣
Australia largest producer of uranium
99.3% of natural ore is 238U
while 0.7% is 235U
Types of Fuel
but can be increased to 3% through enrichment
Neptunium
Disadvantages
Advantages
Plutonium
Wind 🎐
Wind Power
\(P=\frac{0.5mv^2}{t}\)
\(P=\frac{0.5(\rho Al)v^2}{t}\)
\(P=\frac{KE}{t}\)
Since \(m=\rho Al\)
\(P=0.5\rho Av^3\)
Since \(l=vt\)
Solar ☀
Solar constant
Hydroelectric
Tidal ❌
Pumped Storage
Energy of the Earth
Albedo \(a\)
reflected power/total incident power
Energy Balance Equations
Greenhouse Effect
Carbon Sequestration
energy absorbed by body = energy radiated by body
Radiation
Emissivity \(\epsilon\)
\(\frac{P/A \textrm{ at temp T}}{P/A \textrm{ of black body at temp T}}\)
\(\frac{I \textrm{ at temp T}}{I \textrm{ of black body at temp T}}\)
Solar constant S
Assumption:
Uniform radiation
from the Sun ☀
Sphere of radius \(d\)
centered at sun
\(P=IA=I(4\pi d^2)\)
\(I=\frac{P}{4\pi d^2}\)
Control Rods
Use of neutron absorbing material to control rate of reaction
Moderator
Slows neutrons down so they can be used to initiate further fission reactions
Water 💧
Boron
click to edit
Infrared radiation is radiated by the Earth's surface
IR absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
Greenhouse gases reradiate IR in all directions, warming the Earth