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What kinds of muscle tissues are found in the body? (Cardiac (Intercalated…
What kinds of muscle tissues are found in the body?
Smooth
Multiunit
Organized
Function as separate units
Contracts after stimulation from neurons/hormones
Found in:
Walls of large blood vessles
Iris of eyes
Visceral
Respond as single units
Spindle-shaped cells
Stimulated cell can stimulate others
Rhythmicity
Responsible for peristalsis
Alternate contractions/relaxations of tubular organs
Found in:
Walls of hollow organs
Stomach
Intestines
Urinary Bladder
Uterus
Vascular smooth muscle
Found in:
Walls of small blood vessels
Controls blood flow/pressure
Contraction
Reactions of myosin/actin
Triggered by membrane impulses/calcium ion release
Energy from ATP
Uses calmodulin
Acetlycholine + norepinephrine stimulates/inhibits contraction
Stretching
Skeletal
Contraction
Acetylcholine
Electrical impulse stimulates calcium ion release
Excitation-contraction coupling
Energy from ATP
Creatine phosphate
Found in muscles attached to skeleton
Voluntary control
Function = body movement
Cardiac
Found in heart
Extracellular fluid controls contraction strength
Intercalated discs
Transmit force of contraction
Allows ions to diffuse
Contracts as a unit
Syncytium
All-in-one
Rhythmic
Non-responsive after stimulation
Involuntary control
Function = pump blood throughout body
Muscle Fibers
Slow twitch
Endurance
Repeated contractions
ATP through aerobic respiration
Requires a lot of oxygen
Fast twitch
Rapid movements
Short duration
Anaerobic respiration (glycolysis)
Not rate-limiting
Protects muscles