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Ch.10 Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis (Photosynthesis (light dependent…

- - - - absorbs scattered molecules
        
        Co2
        
        H20
        
        minerals
        
        organizes into organic molecules
    - - sunlight
        
        maintains and increases orderliness
        
        directly (photosynthesis)
        
        indirectly (respiration)
        
        Heterotrophs
        
        take in organic molecules and respire
        
        all animals
        
        all completely parasitic plants
        
        all fungi
        
        nonphotosynthetic prokaryotes
        
        Photoautotrophs
        
        gather energy directly from light
        
        all green plants
        
        all cyanobacteria
        
        few bacteria
- - - - guanosine triphosphate
      - ATP
        
        ADP to ATP
        
        substrate-level phosphorylation
        
        oxidative phosphorylation
        
        photophosphorylation
    - - not very mobile
      - too energetic
      - energized pigments are large molecules
  - - - an atom does not carry as many electrons as it could
        
        oxidation state
        
        oxidation reaction
        
        increases positive charge
        
        oxidized compounds
        
        often contain a lot of oxygen
      - oxidizing agents
        
        NAD+ and NADP+
    - - electrons are added to an atom
        
        reduction reaction
        
        reduces positive charge
        
        reduced conpounds
        
        often contain hydrogen
      - organisms need reducing power
        
        ability to force electrons onto compounds
      - reducing agents
        
        NADH and NADPH
        
        redox potential
        
        tendency to accept or donate electrons
- - - - aka Calvin/Benson Cycle
        
        aka C3 cycle
    - - First step
        
        acceptor molecule (ribulose-1,5-biphosphate; RuBP)
        
        3-phosphogylcerate
      - 3-phosphogylceraldehyde
      - RuBP carboxylase (RUBISCO)
      - 1,3-diphosphoglycerate
  - - - electromagnetic radiation spectrum
        
        infrared light
        
        microwaves
        
        ultraviolet light
        
        radio waves
        
        X rays
        
        visible light
        
        gamma rays
        
        radiation
        
        set of particles
        
        quanta / quantum
        
        photons
        
        set of waves
    - - materials absorb certain wavelengths more than others
        
        any substance that absorbs certain wavelengths specifically and therefore has a distinct color is a pigment
      - chlorophyll a
      - activation
        
        when one quanta is absorbed by a pigment
        
        ground state
        
        excited state
        
        fluorescence
        
        release of light by a pigment
      - absorption spectrum and action spectrum
      - accessory pigments
        
        carotenoids and chlorophyll b
      - resonance
        
        antenna complex
        
        reaction center
        
        photosynthetic unit
    - - Photosystem II
        
        levels of chlorophyll a and b are equal
        
        reduces P700 system
        
        cytochrome b6/f complex
        
        Q
        
        plastocyanin
        
        phaeophytin
        
        P680
        
        electron transport chain
      - Photosystem I
        
        little chlorophyll b
        
        P700
        
        ferrodoxin
        
        ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase
        
        efficiently produces NADPH
    - - grana / granum
      - frets
      - chemiosmotic phosphorylation
      - thylakoid lumen
      - cyclic electron transport
      - ATP synthase
      - noncyclic electron transport
      - CF0-CF1 complex
  - - - gluconeogenesis
        
        anabolic synthesis of glucose
        
        fructose-1,6-biphosphate
        
        fructose-6-phosphate
        
        dihydroxyacetone phosphate
        
        glucose-6-phosphate
- - - - quality of sunlight
      - quality of light
      - light compensation point
      - duration of sunlight
  - - - aka C4 photosynthesis
    - - (phosphoenolpyruvate)