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The end of the Civil War: A new era? (Freedman's Bureau (Set up by an…
The end of the Civil War: A new era?
Assassination of Lincoln
14 April 1865
response to him issuing the Emancipation Proclamation
13th Amendment
officially ended the practice of slavery within the United States
passed 31st January 1865
14th Amendment
The experience of black Southerners
Many Southern states introduced Black codes in 1866, which severely limited the freedoms of the blacks.
Most liberated slaves hoped to eventually own their own land, however whilst some moved west and took advantage of the land offered under the Homestead Act the majority never managed to.
Freedman's Bureau
Set up by an act of Congress in March 1865
It was a Government body empowered to support freed slaves.
Showed that the Government was taking some responsibility towards the care of the blacks.
Intended to be a temporary institution to ease the transition from slavery to freedom
The Supplementary Freedman's Bureau Act was passed in 1866, which extended the life of the Bureau for another 3 years, as well as setting up military courts to deal with labour disputes and to protect the blacks from aspects of the Black Codes.
Johnson unsuccessfully tried to veto the Act
New President Andrew Johnson
Southern Republican President who approved of slavery
He announced his plans for Presidential Reconstruction without waiting for Congress to reconvene.
Johnson's plan shocked the Republicans because of the nature of is proposals.
He was prepared to allow all Southerners to swear an oath of allegiance to the Union and would receive amnesty. but they were forced to agree to the 13th Amendment.
His plan was disastrous for freed slaves, as he appointed advisers who were unsympathetic to Black civil rights
He also allowed the introduction of Black Codes in the Southern states.
South of American after the Civil War
North of American after Civil war
AA- freedom of religion, education and politics