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Multimedia instruction (Foster Generative Processing (Voice principle…
Multimedia instruction
Foster Generative Processing
Voice principle
People learn more deeply when the words in the multimedia messages are spoken by a human voice rather than by a machine.
Embodiment principle
Peaople learn deeply when onscreen agents display human-like gesturing, movement, eye contact and facial expression.
Personalization principle
People learn deeply when words are in a conversational style rather than formal style. The rationale is that conversational style can prime a sense of social presence in the learner.
Image principle
Having a static image may cause a distraction.
Manage essential processing.
Pre-training principle
People learn more deeply from a multimedia message when they learn the names and characteristics of the main concepts. The rationale is that it allows students to focus on casual connections.
Modality principle
People learn better when the words are spoken than printed. It allows the learner to offload some of the processing in the visual channel onto the verbal channel.
Segmenting principle
People learn deeply when a multimedia message is presented in learner-paced segments rather than a continuous unit. The rationale is that segmenting allows people to fully process one step before moving into another.
Reduces extraneous processing
Signaling principle
People learn from a multimedia message when cues are added that highlight the essential material. People learn more efficiently if it's designed to call their attention.
Redundancy
Coherence principle
People learn from a multimedia message when extraneous material is excluded. People are able to focus on the essential material if the material that could distract is eliminated.