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Literature review (Electrodialysis reversal, Electrodialysis (Not widely…
Literature review
Electrodialysis reversal
Electrodialysis
Need constant supply of water
Can provide drinking water
Not widely used
Too energy intensive
Can be reduce in time
1 Stage ED configuration
2 Stage ED configuration
1 stage < 2
29%
Reverse
osmosis
Working Principle
semi permeable
membrane
semi permeable
membrane
Pressure
Osmotic
Salinity
Advantage
Lower life cycle cost
India
Remove excess chemicals
Disadvantage
Fouled membrane
Pressure driven membrane
desalination
Forward Osmosis
Advantages
hydrophilic
reduce membrane pollution
simple equipment
high salt rejection
low operating
equipment
solar energy
waste heat
no hydraulic pressure
energy consumption is low
Produces clean water
working principle
semi permeable membrane
balance between fluid and pressure
water and saline water
India
FO membranes
cellulose triacetate
polybenzimidazole
Draw solution
sulphur dioxide
glucose
sodium chloride
potassium nitrate + sulphur dioxide
ammonium carbonate
Nanofiltration
Pressure related process
Remove organic substance
Separate the molecule
membranes
smooth
pore size molecule
Weakness
Membranes
Short term usage
Cannot reuse
High rejection rate
harmful to marine species
Nanotechnology
Less expensive
High efficiency
Produce clean water
Membrane Distillation
thermally driven membrane
Types
. vacuum membrane distillation
Membrane distillation with abrasive gas
Vacuum distillation
Direct contact membrane distillation