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Risk factors on prenatal development (Tobacco (sick often, cause asthma…
Risk factors on prenatal development
Folic acid
B group vitamin
protects agasint nueral tube defects
needs daily folate in your diet in the first trimester
vegetables, fruits and wheat flour are all excellent sources of folic acid
used to provide with more red blood cells
Iodine
optimal brain and neural development
fish, seaweed, eggs, cow’s milk and strawberries.
Vitamin A
liver intoxicity
birth defects
congenital birth defects
normally consumes too much during pregnancy
Gestational diabetes
increased risk if:
Are aged 40 years or over
Have a family history of type 2 diabetes or a first-degree relative (mother or sister) who has had gestational diabetes
Are above the healthy weight range
Have had elevated blood glucose levels in the past
Are from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander backgrounds
Are from a Melanesian, Polynesian, Chinese, Southeast Asian, Middle Eastern or Indian background
Have had gestational diabetes during previous pregnancies
Have previously had Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Have previously given birth to a large baby (weighing more than 4.5kg)
Are taking some types of anti-psychotic or steroid medications
Have gained weight too rapidly in the first half of pregnancy.
can develop into type 2 diabetes
Listeria Monocytogens
miscarriages
Iron
replace increased demand of oxygen (haemoglobin)
red meat, fortified cereals, egg yolks, legumes, nuts and green leafy vegetables.
Lack of iron can lead to iron-deficiency anaemia, resulting in the body not having enough iron to form haemoglobin. In pregnant women, iron-deficiency anaemia can increase the risk of a premature birth and a low birthweight baby.
Tobacco
sick often
cause asthma and respiratory system defects
low birthweight
premature birth
poor immune system
complicated births
complications with placenta
born addicted
Alcohol
chances of miscarriage
foetal alcohol spectrum disorder
narrow blood vessels to the placenta
impacts on health and wellbeing
ncreased risk of premature birth
Increased risk of stillbirth
Undernourishment of the growing baby due to alcohol blocking the absorption of nutrients
Reduction in the amount of oxygen available to the baby due to alcohol narrowing the blood vessels in the placenta and/or umbilical cord resulting in the restriction of blood supply
impacts on physical development
Low birthweight
Smaller head circumference (microcephaly)
Small eyes and epicanthal folds
Flattened face, including the bridge of the nose due to earlier than normal cell changes in the baby’s face during development
Underdeveloped vertical ridges between the nose and upper lip
Smaller lower jaw
Heart defects
Restriction of movement of elbow and knees due to tightening of ligaments, muscles, tendons and skin around the joints