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Nucleus Structures (Nuclear Bodies (Nucleolus: rRNA synthesis, processing,…
Nucleus Structures
Nuclear Bodies
Nucleolus: rRNA synthesis, processing, and assembly of ribosomal subunits
nucleostemin: nucleolar protein that binds the tumor suppressor p53
HIV proteins interact with molecules in the nucleolus that promote viral replication
Promyelocytic Leukemia Bodies (PML): contain PML protein, transcription factors and protein involved in post- translation modifications
Patients with acute promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) have a translocation in which the PML gene and Alpha-retinoic acid receptor gene is fused. Fragmented PML bodies and require retinoic acid treatment
Nuclear Speckles: contain pre-MRA splicing factors and are recruited for transcription
Influenza virus takes over this site for viral mRNA splicing
Cajal Bodies: involved in biogenesis of snRNPs and assemble RNAs used by telemorase to add nucleotides to the ends of telomeres
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Chromatin
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Heterochromatin : condensed and transcriptionally silence and often associated with the nuclear lamina
Nucleoplasm
Material enclosed by the nuclear envelope that is not either chromatin or the nucleolus
Contains proteins, metabolites, intranuclear lamina-based cytoskeleton arrays, and protein filaments projecting from the NPC into the nuclear interior.
Site for transcription, pre-mRNA splicin, mRNA processing and export
Nuclear Lamina
A fibrous network of intermediate filaments proteins (Lamins)
It forms a latticework on the inner face of the nuclear membrane and is involved in regulating nuclear envelope structure
Internal patches of lamin protein are present in the nucleoplasm
Mutations in lamina are termed laminopathies
Huntington's disease and SMA involve mutations that cause formation of nuclear inclusions and aggregate that disrupt normal nuclear function
Nuclear Envelope
A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and is "dotted" with nuclear pores
Inner and outer membranes are separated by the perinuclear space.
Outer membrane is contiguous with the ER and the perinuclear space is contiguous with the ER lumen