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Developed democracies versus emerging autocracies: arts, democracy, and…
Background
the vision and manifesto for knowledge production and innovation in Quadruple Helix innovation systems: arts, democracy, and innovation co-evolve.
The Quadruple Helix focuses (as a final test) on reform, strat-egy, policy, and implementation processes and on transformation of economy, society, and democracy (economy in democracy).
The market should serve society, and the society should serve the people and indi-viduals (and not the other way around). The role of the individual is paramount. Quadruple Helix emphasizes that ‘people matter’. First of all, the Quadruple Helix is ‘human-centered’ and only secondarily ‘institution-oriented’. The Quadruple Helix operates with a strong bottom-up momentum and encouragement. Therefore, for the Quadruple Helix, democracy matters and is key and crucial.
There is no quadruple helix without democracy, it cannot be.
The fourth helix in the Quadruple Helix consists of the following components or at-tributes: the ‘media-based and culture-based public’, ‘civil society’, and ‘arts, artistic re-search, and arts-based innovation’. This fourth helix also could be paraphrased as the dimension of democracy (knowledge democracy)
Metrics for the quadruple helix: (1) the degree of pluralism, diversity, and heterogeneity of different forms and paradigms of knowledge, knowledge production, and innovation; and (2) the degree of networks and their dynamics and connectivity across the pluralistic architecture of knowledge andinnovatio
The Quintuple Helix could be interpreted as a Quadruple Helix Plus extension, thus representing a further development and evolution in the line of thinking that integrates the ecology (also social ecology) into our approaches for knowledge production and innovation
Triple Helix is possible within a democracy. However, Triple Helix is also possible with-out a democracy. The Triple Helix focuses on the knowledge economy, which may be approached by a non-democratic framework.
. Congruencies here could be as follows: Triple Helix innovation (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 2000) interacts with ‘Mode 1’ and ‘Mode 2’ knowledge production (Gibbons et al. 1994), while Quadruple Helix and Quintuple Helix innovation systems refer to a ‘Mode 3’ type of knowledge production. In terms of pluralism and diversity, the Quadruple Helix (Quintuple Helix) appears to be better designed and adapted for the social environments of democracy and advanced economies.
without creativity, innovation is not possible in the long run
Results and discussion
arts is an interdisciplinary discipline. but academic career oten follows a disciplinary logic. interdisciplinarity required to re invent the academic career logic and many other areas that are similar to this example.
The pproach presented introduces knowledge as an additional dimension for understanding and defining arts (besides aesthetics and the classical stuff).
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Arts, artistic research, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary combinations of research in the arts and research in the sciences, innovation, and innovation system
epistemic implications of arts and artistic research: We could speculate whether the arts help us in seeing ‘impossible worlds’.
Innovation systems in conceptual evolution: Mode 3 knowledge production in Quadruple and Quintuple Helix innovation systems
universities have three misions: Teaching and education, research, and innovation.
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triple helix model of knowledge that drives to national innovation: academia,industry and state.
further ramifications of mode 3 knowledge production in quadruple and quintuple helix innovation systems:
Multi-level innovation systems, the global and the local (GloCal)
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Twenty-first century Fractal Research, Education and Innovation Ecosystem (FREIE): Here, the understanding of FREIE is ‘This is a multilayered, multimodal, multinodal, and multilateral system,
Linear and non-linear innovation, and the causality of ‘if-then’ and of ‘if-if’ relations