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Theoretical Perspectives in Global Politics (Critical perspectives (Green…
Theoretical Perspectives in Global Politics
Liberalism: Ideology of the industrialized West. The central theme is the notion of harmony or balance amongst competing interests.
Peace
Trade and economic interdependence make conflict less likely.
Democracy is peaceful
History is a progressive process characterized by growing of interdependence and peace.
Peace is the norm and the constant
Globalization
Global politics is more realistic by thinking of it with mixed -actor models.
Reflects victory of the market over "irrational" national allegiance and arbitrary state borders.
Human beings are moral and rational creatures .
Optimistic of human nature
Critical perspectives
Marxism
War is a manifestation of oppression, peace can only exist when there's equality.
Neo-Marxism: Highlights inequalities in the capitalist system,through which developed countries dominate developing countries.
Constructivism
Argues that people "construct" the world in which they live. The world operates through a subjective awareness.
Feminism
Draw attention to gender inequality that characterizes politics.
Empirical feminism challenges sexist exclusion of women in what is the norm.
Analytical feminists expose why the framework of global politics on gender biases.
J. Ann Tickner
Poststructuralism
All ideas are expressed within the confines of the structured of society (emerged alongside postmodernism)
Drawn attention to the connection between power and systems of thought with the idea of that knowledge is power.
Green Politics
The essential theme is the notion of the relationship between humans and nature.
Deep ecology: gives priority to maintenance of nature rather than humans
Example: Colombia Partido Verde and Green Party in the UK.
Inspired by Holism – the belief that the whole is bigger than the sum of its parts.
James Lovelock
Postcolonialism
Expose the cultural influence of colonial rule.
Establishes legitimacy of non-western ideas.
Realism: Offers an account of world affairs that is realistic, in the sense that it is devoid of wishful thinking
States are the key global actors
Global order is structured by distribution of power.
Balance of power ensures stability and avoids war
Rely on themselves
They pursue self-interest and prioritize security
Characterized by selfishness and greed
Globalization has been made by states, for states. The state remains the dominant unit in world affairs.
Would think that war is necessary, peace is just a break between wars.
Usually associated with right-wing parties.
In this model, the states are billiard balls that collide with each other. Sovereignty is the outer shell of the ball, which enables it to withstand collision. Not all balls are the same size, which is why Global Politics gives attention to "great powers".
Neoliberalism: associated with economic liberalism and free market capitalism.
Example: British Labour Party and U.S Democratic Party
Key Points: deregulation, free trade, privatization, not spending money on public services.
Small government
Similar to liberalism in the idea of freedom, but resembles realism in their idea of management of economy.
The lines represent relationships and interdependence.
