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CHAPTER 12: RESPIRATION (Aerobic respiration (Effect of Temperature on…
CHAPTER 12: RESPIRATION
Respiration
Internal respiration:
A series of biochemical reactions that happens inside cells in which food molecules (for example glucose) are oxidised to release energy for the cell, integrated and transported in the form of adenosine triphosophate (ATP)
External respiration:
A mechanical process that maintains a continuous exchange of gases between respiratory surfaces (of an organism) and environment.
Uses of energy for human:
- muscle contraction
- protein synthesis
- cell division
- active transport
- growth
- the passage of nerve impulses
- maintenance of constant body temperature
Aerobic respiration
Definition
Intra-cellular chemical reactions that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy.
- oxidation of glucose
- end-product: CO2, H2O & energy (in ATP)
Balanced chemical equation
- glucose + oxygen :arrow_right: carbon dioxide + water + energy (2898 kJ)
- 1 glucose + 6 oxygen :arrow_right: 6 carbon dioxide + 6 water + energy (2898 kJ)
- C6H12O6 + 6O2 :arrow_right: 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2898 kJ
Release all energy available stored in per glucose molecule
- all glucose molecule are fully broken down
- energy produced per glucose molecule: 38 molecules of ATP (2898 kJ of energy)
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Anaerobic respiration
Definition
Intra-cellular chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen.
- products: lactic acid (human muscle cells) or ethanol (yeast) + carbon dioxide
- lactic acid: considered to be intermediate product because have not being fully broken down yet.
Balanced chemical equation
- Yeast: C6H12O6 (glucose) :arrow_right: 2 C2H5OH (ethanol) + 2 CO2 (carbon dioxide) + energy (210 kJ)
- Human muscle cells: C6H12O6 (glucose) :arrow_right: 2 C3H6O3 + energy (150 kJ)
Released much less energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration
- glucose molecule is not fully broken down
- products 'produced' are considered to be intermediate substances (lactic acid) - have not fully being broken down yet
- energy produced per glucose molecule: 2 molecules of ATP (150 kJ of energy)
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Site: cytoplasm (cellular respiration)
- site of lactic acid oxidation (recovering phase): liver (converting lactic acid into glycogen)