Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

14 Categories of Disabilities Defined by IDEA The categories are: (Low…

- - - - Recording Devices
      - Writing Assistance
      - Speech Generating Devices
      - What Teachers can do in the Classroom
        
        Provide repetition and consistency
        
        Demonstrate new tasks, state instructions,
        and provide examples to illustrate ideas and concepts
        
        Avoid figurative language
        
        Reinforce lengthening periods of attention to appropriate tasks
        
        Probe skill acquisition frequently and provide repeated practice
        
        Teach compensatory strategies for increasing memory
        
        Be prepared for students' reduced stamina and
        Increased fatigue and provide rest breaks as needed
        
        Keep the environment as distraction-free as possible
  - - - 🔠 Text to Speech (TTS)
        
        Intel Reader : a mobile handheld device that uses TTS technology to read printed text aloud. It features a high-resolution camera that captures printed text, converts it to digital text and reads it to the user
        
        Kurzweil 3000 : for individuals that struggle with literacy
        
        Multiple TTS voices
        
        Support for 18 languages and dialects
        
        Talking spell-checker
        
        Picture dictionary graphics for more than 40,000 words
        
        Tools for test taking, essay writing, note taking, reference and more
        
        Text magnification
      - 🔠Graphic Organizers
        
        Low-Tech Handouts
        
        Sandwich chart: Assist students with paragraph writing
        
        Sequence chart: Help with narrative writing and the ordering of events
        
        Sense chart: Designed for descriptive writing
        
        Draft:Builder, a writing tool that integrates outlining, note taking and draft writing functions to break down the writing process into three steps
      - 🔠Proofreading Software
        
        Ginger: Help students with dyslexia and other learning disorders with writing. It is also designed for speakers of languages other than English
        
        Ghotit: Assisting students who struggle with writing accurately
      - 🔠Math Tools
        
        MathTalk: Students can perform math problems by speaking into a microphone on their computer
        
        Math Simulations Students can better understand the application of a particular type of problem
    - - Alvernia University. (2019, March 8). 5 Assistive Technology Tools That Are Making a Difference. Retrieved from https://online.alvernia.edu/articles/5-assistive-technology-tools-that-are-making-a-difference/
      - American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. AAIDD. (2019). Frequently Asked Questions on Intellectual Disability. Retrieved from https://aaidd.org/intellectual-disability/definition/faqs-on-intellectual-disability
    - - 📚 Teach one concept or activity component at a time
      - 🎗 Teach students in small groups, or one-on-one, if possible
      - 🎯 Always provide multiple opportunities to practice skills in a number of different settings
      - 🤼‍♀️ Use physical and verbal prompting to guide correct responses, and provide specific verbal praise to reinforce these responses
- - - - breaking tasks into smaller steps, and giving directions verbally and in writing;
      - giving the student more time to finish schoolwork or take tests;
      - letting the student with reading problems use instructional materials that are accessible to those with print disabilities;
      - letting the student with listening difficulties borrow notes from a classmate or use a tape recorder; and
      - letting the students with writing difficulties use a computer with specialized software that spell checks and grammar checks, or recognizes speech.
    - - Abbreviation Expander
      - Alternative Keyboard
      - Audio books and Publication
    - - Special Learning Disability is a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes of understanding or using language it is clearly shown in the ability of listening reading writing or solving math problems.
        however does not include learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities; of intellectual disability; of emotional disturbance; or of environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage.”
  - - - This is sometimes called “classic” autism. It is what most people think of when hearing the word “autism”. People with autistic disorder usually have significant language delays, social and communication challenges, and unusual behaviors and interests. Many people with autistic disorder also have intellectual disability.
    - - . Daily Class Schedule detailing the broad activity categories for the day is a must. :pen:
        . Alternate Media
        . Sensory Tool
        . Quiet Corner
        . Extra Breaks
        . Autism Resources
    - - Visual Scene Displays
        Helps students with verbal skills
      - Scene Speak
        Helps kids with creates interactive displays and stories with text-to-speech voices added to narrate scenes
      - Speech With Milo
        Helps kids to better their storytelling skills by making an interactive storybook
  - - - Accommodations
        
        Use of interpreters in and out of the classroom.
        
        Using hands as communication tools.
        
        American Sign Language/Fingerspelling
        
        Consistent Classroom Environment and Structure
        
        Tactual Access to Environment and Surroundings
        
        Model Hand Skills
        
        Interverner
        
        Facilitate small group work.
        
        Individual Instruction Time
        
        Utilize subject manipulatives and tactile tools.
        
        Apply a multisensory approach.
      - Assistive Technologies
        
        Utilize Braille Translation software
        
        Use of Braille Printers
        
        Braille Notetakers
        
        Screen Reader and Screen Enlargement Software
        
        Electronic Braillewriter
        
        Use of Optical Character Reader
        
        TDD (Telecommunication device)
  - - - According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act’s (IDEA), multiple disabilities refers to “concomitant [simultaneous] impairments (such as intellectual disability-blindness, intellectual disability-orthopedic impairment, etc.), the combination of which causes such severe educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in a special education program solely for one of the impairments. The term does not include deaf-blindness.”
        In other words, a student whose special needs are categorized under multiple disabilities requires coinciding adaptions for more than one disability. The exception is the combination deafness and blindness, as this pair of impairments has its own classification under IDEA.
    - - https://www.understood.org/en/learning-attention-issues/treatments-approaches/educational-strategies/common-classroom-accommodations-and-modifications
        
        Voice Activation Software
        
        Video Lesson Instruction
        
        Listen to audio recordings instead of reading text
        
        Virtually anything that could be tailored to their specific needs
        
        Reader Board
        
        Get a written list of instructions
        
        Sit where they learn best (for example, near the teacher)
        
        Use sensory tools such as an exercise band that can be looped around a chair’s legs (so fidgety kids can kick it and quietly get their energy out)
        
        Use special lighting or acoustics
        
        Work or take a test in a different setting, such as a quiet room with few distractions
        
        Curriculum Modifications
        
        Learn different material (such as continuing to work on multiplication while classmates move on to fractions)
        
        Get graded or assessed using a different standard than other students
        
        Be excused from particular projects
        
        Assignment modifications
        
        Complete fewer or different homework problems than peers
        
        Write shorter papers
        
        Answer fewer or different test questions
        
        Create alternate projects or assignments
        
        Organization skills accommodations
        
        Use an alarm to help with time management
        
        Mark texts with a highlighter
        
        Use a planner or organizer to help coordinate assignments
        
        Receive study skills instruction
    - - Additional Time to Complete Work
        
        Self-paced activities and alternatives such as video lectures (i.e Khan Academy)
        
        Quiet Space and instructional Assistant
        
        Counselling
        
        Assistance with moving around classroom
        
        Help with socialization as it may be difficult to join the general population due to ostracization
  - - - 👂 Conductive hearing loss
        
        The problem with the outer or middle ear interferes with how sound gets conducted through the ear, making sounds seem quieter.
      - 👂Sensorineural
        
        Damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, trouble hearing clearly, understanding speech, and interpreting various sounds.
      - 👂Mixed hearing loss
        
        Happens when someone has both conductive and sensorineural hearing problems.
      - 👂Central hearing loss
        
        Happens when the cochlea is working properly, but other parts of the brain are not. This is a less frequent type of hearing loss and is more difficult to treat.
      - 👂Auditory processing disorders (APD)
        
        Usually, hear well in a quiet environment. But most people with APD have difficulty hearing in a noisy environment.
    - - 📍Assistive listening devices (ALDs)
        
        Hearing loop (or induction loop) systems: use electromagnetic energy to transmit sound
        
        FM systems: use radio signals to transmit amplified sounds, includes a microphone/transmitter worn by the teacher and a receiver worn by the student.
        
        Infrared systems: use infrared light to transmit sound. A transmitter converts sound into a light signal and beams it to a receiver that is worn by a listener.
        
        Personal amplifiers: About the size of a cell phone, these devices increase sound levels and reduce background noise for a listener.
      - 📍Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices
        
        For communicating face-to-face:
        The simplest AAC device is a picture board or touch screen that uses pictures or symbols of typical items and activities that make up a person’s daily life.
      - 📍Alerting devices
        
        Use sound, light, vibrations, or a combination of these techniques to let someone know when a particular event is occurring. Clocks and wake-up alarm systems allow a person to choose to wake up to flashing lights, horns, or a gentle shaking.
    - - ✋🏼 ☝🏼Sign Language Interpreting 🙌🏼
      - 💬 👁‍🗨Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART)
      - 🔖 📑C-Print - Transcription Services
      - 📲 🔊Assistive Listening Devices (ALD)
      - 📝Note taking
      - 🛋Preferred seating
      - 🔠Captioning
    - - National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. NIDCD.(2017, March 6). What types of assistive devices are available?. Retrieved from https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/assistive-devices-people-hearing-voice-speech-or-language-disorders
      - Morlet. TM. (2016, March). KidsHealth. KidsHealth / for Teens / Hearing Impairment. Retrieved from https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/hearing-impairment.html
      - University of South Florida. USF. (2019). HEARING IMPAIRMENT ACCOMMODATIONS. Retrieved from https://www.usf.edu/student-affairs/student-disabilities-services/accommodations/hearing-impaired.aspx
- - - - For most students in the other health impairment category, it is the needs of the individual that drive the designation of appropriate assistive technology. For the most part, the majority of these students can access and benefit from the same technological supports that are used with their normally developing peers.