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Chapter 11 (Two Categories (Anaerobic (Does not require oxygen (Certain…

- - - - Certain bacteria are known as obligate anaerobes
      - If oxygen is available, certain tissue will use aerobic respiration. #
    - - in animal tissue, NADH reacts to for lactate, the anion of Lactic Acid
    - - Emdben-Meyerhoff pathway
        
        #
        
        After glucose is converted to ATP, it goes through Substrate-Level Phosphorylation.
        
        Essentially a reversal of Stroma reactions
  - - - Plants and animals that require oxygen known as strict aerobes
    - - Product of reduction is water
        
        Consists of 3 parts
        
        1.) Glycolysis
        2.) The citrus-Acid-Cycle
        3.) oxidative phosphorylation in a electron transport train. #
        
        Citric-Acid-Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
- - - - Heat lost is important for animals to maintain body temperature
        
        Human muscles contract and relax rapidly, which breaks down large amounts of ATP and releases lots of heat
      - Ineffcient aspect of respiration
  - - - Many aspects of thermogenic respiration are still unknown
- - - - Many of the reactants in the pentose phosphate pathway are the same as those in glycolysis, and both pathways occur in the cytosol and plastids.
- - - - Cytochromes a and a3 are part of a large enzyme complex known as cytochrome oxidase
      - If this electron transfer were the only thing to happen in the electron transport chain, it would be better than anaerobic respiration because the cell could avoid the waste of pyruvate and the synthesis of the toxic lactate or ethanol
        
        The flow of protons from the crista lumen to the mitochondrial matrix can be used to synthesize ATP