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Energy metabolism: Respiration . (Aerobic Respiration (The initial 3 steps…

- - - - pyruvate is trasnported from the cytosol . Electrons are transmitted to NAD+
        
        COO- is rearrenged to co2
        
        Carbon dioxide and Nadh are produced along with a two carbon fragment called acetyl.
        
        The acetyl becomes attached to coenzyme A(COA) resulting in combination of being acetyl CoA.
        
        Citric Acid Cycle
        
        The Acetyl is trasnfered an acceptor molecule , oxaloacetate. (A4 carbon)
        
        1 more item...
    - - Glucose-6-phosphate
      - NADP+ converted to NADPH +H+ and 6- phosphogluconate gives off carbon dioxide
        
        Ribulose 5-p
        
        ribulose -5-p
        
        Xylulose -5-p
        
        3 phosphoglyceraldehyde
        
        Fructose -6-p
        
        Etythrose-4-p
        
        1 more item...
        
        3-phophateglyceraldehyde
        
        to aerobic respiration.
        
        Ribulose -5-p
        
        Nucleotide biosynthesis
        
        sedopheptulose -7-p
- - - - Fatty acids are broken down into 2 carbon units -acetyl CoA- by process of Beta oxidation and either cytosol or microbodies called glyoxysomes.
        
        Acetyl CoA
        
        Anabolism
        
        Carbohydrates
        
        catabolism further respiration.
        
        Remaining compound in the respirtaion of lipids can enter the citric acid cycle and be further respired.
- - - - Continue to convert more starch to sugar and the yeast ferment than to ethanol.
        
        sake is seperated from the solids and extraethanol is added to bring the final concentration upto about 20% to 22%.
        
        fermentation continues as along as sugar is presented and the concentration of ethanol has not reached lethal level.
  - - - malt is mixed with water . hops is added. it is warmed to 68° to 73° F and around to stand for several hours while various enzymes are active.
        
        wart is boiled to inactive the enzymes. allowed to ferment from 1 week to 12 days.