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Chapter 3: Cell Structure (Parts of the Cell (Microtubules (tubulin (alpha…

- - - - programmed cell death destroys protoplasm
      - in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
- - - - regulate movement
      - physically divide cell
      - surfaces that hold enzymes
      - lipid layer
        
        monolayer
        
        bilayer
        
        hydrophobic and hydrophilic heads
      - Proteins
        
        intrinsic (in membrane)
        
        form domains (small unique regions in membrane)
        
        extrinsic/peripheral (outside or next to membrane)
        
        glycoproteins
        
        glycolipids
      - fluid mosaic membrane
        
        heterogenous liquid
        
        differentiation
    - - vesicles (small bubbles)
        
        exocytosis
        
        endocytosis
      - Selectively (differentially) permeable
        
        facilitated diffusion
        
        molecular pumps
        
        active transport
      - Compartmentalization
      - freely permeable membrane
      - impermeable membrane
  - - - nuclear envelope
        
        outer membrane
        
        inner membrane
      - nucleoplasm
      - nucleolus
  - - - tonoplast
  - - - carry out cell respiration
      - cristae
      - matrix
      - outer mitochondrial membrane
      - inner mitochondrial membrane
    - - outer membrane
      - inner membrane
        
        stroma fluid
      - proplastids
        
        chlorophyll
        
        thylakoids
        
        granum
        
        amyloplasts
        
        non-photosynthetic tiddues
        
        chromoplasts
        
        plastoglobuli
    - - protein synthesis
        
        polysome
    - - Rough ER (RER)
        
        ribosomes
        
        synthesis of proteins
      - Smooth ER (SER)
        
        lipid synthesis and membrane assembly
    - - cisterna
      - maturing face
      - forming face
      - in mammals, these form Golgi body
  - - - alpha
      - beta
  - - - hemicelluloses
        
        middle lamella
        
        pectic substances