genetics

DNA

stands for deoxyribonucleic acid

located in the nucleus(99% ) the rest of the one percent is located in the mitochondria

stored information --> codes for protein

nitrogenous bases

adenine, thymine, cytosine,Guanine

nucleotide- base, phosphate, sugar

double helix

anti- parallel

mutated DNA, inserted, deleted, duplicated

monomers of DNA

Genes

pedigree

dominant - one allele id dominant over another. If there are two alleles and one of them are dominant, then it is most likely that that feature would be the dominant feature. Eg. A- brown eyes, a- blue eyes= Aa (brown eyes)

Recessive - A recessive gene is a gene that can be masked by a dominant gene. In order to have a trait that is expressed by a recessive gene, such as blue eyes, you must get the gene for blue eyes from both of your parents. You might remember the word recessive from biology, where it most often appears.

codominance- image

Genotype- percentage/ chance of getting the specific gene trait

instructions that code for a specific trait

phenotype - physical feature

heterozygous- unidentical (Hh)

homozygous- identical alleles- hh, HH

selective breeding

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chromosomes

46 chromosomes in the human body- 23 pairs

XY- male / XX- female

one pair of sex chromosomes, and 22 pairs of autosomes

stored DNA around proteins called histones

chromosome type - metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, telocentric

haploid (n) diploid (2n)

4 chromosome adom mitochondrial eve - orginin theory

kleinfelter syndrome (XXY) Jordan syndrome--> disorders