genetics
DNA
stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
located in the nucleus(99% ) the rest of the one percent is located in the mitochondria
stored information --> codes for protein
nitrogenous bases
adenine, thymine, cytosine,Guanine
nucleotide- base, phosphate, sugar
double helix
anti- parallel
mutated DNA, inserted, deleted, duplicated
monomers of DNA
Genes
pedigree
dominant - one allele id dominant over another. If there are two alleles and one of them are dominant, then it is most likely that that feature would be the dominant feature. Eg. A- brown eyes, a- blue eyes= Aa (brown eyes)
Recessive - A recessive gene is a gene that can be masked by a dominant gene. In order to have a trait that is expressed by a recessive gene, such as blue eyes, you must get the gene for blue eyes from both of your parents. You might remember the word recessive from biology, where it most often appears.
codominance-
Genotype- percentage/ chance of getting the specific gene trait
instructions that code for a specific trait
phenotype - physical feature
heterozygous- unidentical (Hh)
homozygous- identical alleles- hh, HH
selective breeding
click to edit
chromosomes
46 chromosomes in the human body- 23 pairs
XY- male / XX- female
one pair of sex chromosomes, and 22 pairs of autosomes
stored DNA around proteins called histones
chromosome type - metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, telocentric
haploid (n) diploid (2n)
4 chromosome adom mitochondrial eve - orginin theory
kleinfelter syndrome (XXY) Jordan syndrome--> disorders