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Enlightment (Voltaire
François-Marie Arouet, Jean-Jacques
Rousseau,…
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A Parisian. Believed in a religious philosophy of way of thinking called Deism. Deism built on the idea that a mechanic (God), has created the universe. Believed in faith and tolerance but disagreed with institutions managing faith.
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Hobbes was the first modern philosopher to articulate a detailed social contract theory that appeared in his 1651 work "Leviathan". According to Hobbes, society is a population beneath a sovereign authority, to whom all individuals in that society cede some rights for the sake of protection. Considered a Enlightened because he questioned the Catholic Church.
They both agreed on letting people choose their own path in life, based on. their own idea and experiences, instead of having their life defined by heritage.
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In "A vindication of the Rights of Women", published in 1792, Wollstonecraft identified two problems with the views of many Enlightment thinkers. She noted that the same people argued that women must obey men also said government based on the arbitrary power of monarchs over their subjects was wrong. Wollstonecraft pointed out that the power of men over women was equally wrong.
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Studied in the University of Paris and became a writer. Diderot'smost famous contribution to the Enlightment was the "Encyclopedia, or Classified Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Trades", a 28-volume collection of knowledge published between 1751 and 1772.
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A French noble. His famous work "The Spirit of Laws" published in 1748, was a study of governments. In it, Montesquieu tried to find the natural laws that govern the social and political relationships of human beings. He stated there were three branches in the government: The executive (The Monarch), The legislative (Parliament), and the judicial (The courts of law)
Agreed that the laws enforced by the government control us as a society supposedly by giving us protection.
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In his "Essay Concerning Human Understanding" published in 1690, Locke proposed that everyone starts life as a "white paper, void of all characters", where experiences are what makes us who we are today. This was known as the "blank slate" or "Tabula Rasa" theory.
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One of the founders of economics, he supported the idea of letting people do what they chose, he also grow “The Wealth of Nations” in 1776. He felt that the government should provide defense and keep up public works.
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In his major work "The Social Contract" published in 1762, Rousseau presented his concept of the social contract. Throught a social contract, an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will.
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