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Culture (Misc (Multiculturalism A perspective recognizing the cultural…
Culture
Misc
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Counter culture Cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society. Works as a catalyst for future change.
Multiculturalism A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the society and promotes equal standings for all cultural traditions. Its assumed that the society benefits from the cultural diversity. two theories melting pot and salad bowl
Salad bowl more liberal theory than the melting pot. Different people coexist but retain some of their distinct and unique traditions like the ingredients of a salad.
Melting pot immigrants from different cultural backgrounds adopt a predominant culture and give up their own tranditions
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Cultural change
Reasons for the change include cultural diffusion, Inventions and discoveries. The rapid change in some cultural elements disrupts a cultural system causing cultural lag
Mainstream culture cultural patterns that are broadly in line with a society's cultural ideals and values.
Cultural diffusion cultural traits spread from one culture to another. technology and globalization makes our world a bit smaller.
Judging other cultures
Cultural relativism(alternative to ethnocentrism)
The practice of judging a culture by its own standards. The problem with this practice is that it considers a behavior right if its a norm even if its wrong in other cultures
Ethnocentrism The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture. This generates misunderstanding and sometimes conflicts.
Xenocentrism is a culturally based tendency to value other cultures more highly than one’s own, which can materialize in a variety of different ways.
Definition
"The term culture includes all the characteristic, activities and interests of the people."T.S. Elliot
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Similar to the word cultivate, it suggests that people living together grow their way of life over time. (Shared way of life)
Culture includes what we think, how we act and how we own. Its linked to our past and our future.
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Cultural diversity
Differences arise because many cultural patterns are readily available to only some members of the society.
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Global culture flow of goods, information and people have created this culture to which almost everyone all over the world is experiencing
Limitations the flow is not even, assumption that everyone is same(large number of people live below the poverty line). some cultural practices are found all over the world but not all people attach the same meaning to them
Theories of culture
Structural-Functional Approach: The functions of culture resembles to the philosophical doctrine of "idealism"
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Cultures are strategies for meeting human needs therefore we would expect to find many common patterns around the world which are named Cultural universals
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Cultural values direct our lives, give meaning to what we do and bind people together
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Social conflict theory: Inequality and culture
resembles to the philosophical doctrine of materialism
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Evaluation this approach suggests the cultural systems do not address human needs equally, allowing some people to dominate over others.s
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Sociobiology: Evolution of culture
It explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture.
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Claims that large number of cultural universals reflect the fact that all humans are a member of a single biological specie.
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