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Carrying Capacity (Factors That Impact Carrying Capacity (Density…
Carrying Capacity
Factors That Impact Carrying Capacity
Density-dependent factors
Are limiting factors that depend on the population size.
Play more of a role in dense populations than in sparse ones
Competition for resources
An ecosystem only has finite resources, do it can only support a certain number of organisms.
Once the carrying capacity has been exceeded, organisms will start competing within their own population and others for the required resources for survival.
Disease + Parasites
When populations are larger and closely packed together, disease and parasites can spread more readily.
Predation
Provides energy to prolong the life and promote the reproduction of the organism that does the killing, the predator, to the detriment of the organism being consumed, the prey.
Habitat destruction
Includes human activity such as deforestation and climate change.
Boundaries
boundaries are the locations exhibiting gradients of change in environmental conditions and a related shift in the composition of plant and/or animal communities.
Density-independent factors
Includes natural disasters, temperature, climate change, human activities
Pollution
The presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has harmful effects
Climate Change
Any significant long-term change in the expected patterns of average weather of a region over a significant period of time.
Catastrophic events
include hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and wilfires
Hurricanes impact the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Sediment erosion and deposition affects the marine life and the intrusion of salt water into freshwater causes many organisms to die
Hierarchal Systems of an Ecosystem
Community
Consists of all biotic factors in an ecosystem
includes all plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, protists and all other organisms
Cellular
All living things are composed of biological building blocks, the smallest of which is called a cell
Population
More than one organism of the species in an area
Organism
Individuals in a populaton
Community Interactions
Food
Species and individuals are competing to get food and nutrients to survive
Mating
Organisms want to reproduce and will compete fro their mates
Space
Natural routine and safety, and shelter because of protection, and also to allow more beings to be born.
Predation
The predator benefits and the prey is consumed
Without predators, some species, esp. those who reproduce easily would overpopulate
Symbiotic Relationships
Mutualism
Both organisms from different species benefit
Commensalism
One species benefits while the other is unaffected
Parasitism
The organism that benefits directly from the interaction is called a parasite, the other, that is harmed, is called a host
Any type of close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms.
What makes up an ecosystem? :
Living components a.k.a. BIOTIC FACTORS
e.g. animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and other unicellular organisms
Nonliving components a.k.a. ABIOTIC FACTORS
e.g. rain, wind, temperature, altitude, soil, pollution, nutrients, pH, types of soil, and sunlight
When biotic and abiotic factors change, they affect the other parts of the ecosystem. They together work to maintain the needed balance
What impacts population growth?
Population size is directly influenced by births, deaths, immigration and emigration
Births + immigration = increasing population
Immigration: movement of organisms into a specific area or ecosysterm
Deaths + emigration = Decrease in population
Emigration: movement of organisms our of a specific area or ecosystem
Disease, competition, space, natural disasters and human interaction
Keystone Species
The one species that impacts the survival of an ecosystem.
If the species were removed, the ecosystem would be impacted and changed drastically
Can help control the population sizes or provide resources for a variety of species in the ecosystem
Carrying Capacity
The limitation of an ecosystem limits the number of Organisms that can be supported in an ecosystem based on different factors found in that ecosystem.
LIMITING FACTORS
The factors that determine the carrying capacity of an ecosystem.
Primarily include the availability of living and nonliving resources as well as challenges such as predation, competition, and disease.