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NEUROLOGICAL MUSCULAR DISORDERS (MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (signs and symptoms (a…
NEUROLOGICAL MUSCULAR DISORDERS
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
diagnostic studies
Enzyme assay
Genetic testing
Heart monitoring
Lung monitoring
Electromyography
signs and symptoms
a waddling gait
pain and stiffness in the muscles
difficulty with running and jumping
walking on toes
inability to walk
breathing problems
causes
mutation on x chromosome
risk factors
age
young boys
people with family history of muscular dystrophy
nursing intervention
encourage general exercises
Mobility aids
Breathing assistance
complications
Trouble walking
Shortening of muscles or tendons around joints (contractures
Breathing problems
Curved spine (scoliosis
Heart problems
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord
Symptoms
Tremor, lack of coordination or unsteady gait
Slurred speech
numbness
Fatigue
Electric-shock sensations
Dizziness
risk factors
age
sex
family histort
race
certain infection
climate
complications
Muscle stiffness or spasms
Paralysis, typically in the legs
Problems with bladder
Mental changes
Depression
diagnostic studies
Blood tests
Spinal tap (lumbar puncture
MRI
Evoked potential tests
nursing intervention
A physical or occupational therapist can teach you stretching and strengthening exercises
Muscle relaxants
Medications to reduce fatigue
Medication to increase walking speed
Medications also may be prescribed for depression, pain, sexual dysfunction, insomnia
MYOSITIS
muscle inflammation
symptoms
muscle weakness
muscle pain
joint inflammation
nail-bed abnormalities
weight loss
diagnostic studies
Blood tests
An electromyogram
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI
standard X-ray
An ultrasound
causes
Inflammatory conditions.
Infection
Drugs
Alcohol
Alpha-interferon
management
Physical therapy
exercise, stretching
yoga can help keep muscles strong
yoga can help keep muscles strong
MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
signs and symptoms
muscle weakness
Double vision (diplopia
Impair speaking
Cause difficulty swallowing
Drooping of one or both eyelids
causes
Antibodies
Thymus gland
antibodies blocking acetylcholine
muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase
diagnostic studies
Neurological examination
Edrophonium test
Ice pack test
Blood analysis
Repetitive nerve stimulation
management
Repetitive nerve stimulation
Install grab bars or railings in places where you need support
Use electric appliances and power tools
Wear an eye patch
If you have chores, shopping or errands to do, plan the activity for when you have the most energy
surgical intervention
Video-assisted thymectomy
Robot-assisted thymectomy
