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Explaining Creativity Ch.1-2-3-4 (Part I - Conceptions (Ch. 2 - Conception…

- - - - C. not just Individual, but Social factors
  - - - Rationalism
        
        C. generated by:
        
        Conscious, deliberating, rational mind
      - Romanticism
        
        C. generated by:
        
        Irrational and Unconscious mind
        
        the Rational Interferes
        
        at the base of our Current conception of C.
    - - C. comes from the Unconscious:
        
        but it Requires Extended Conscious effort
        and Hard work
      - C. represents the Inner Spirit of the individual:
        
        but to Understand C. we need to Und. the Historical
        and Cultural/Social context
      - is Spontaneous Ispiration:
        
        but it requires Domain knowledge and therefore Formal training
        and Conscious deliberation
    - - two extremes, Big 'C' and small 'c'
        
        Big 'C'
        
        Socially Valuable
        
        def. used by Sociocultural approach
        
        Novelty
        
        Appropriateness (Socially Valuable)
        
        small 'c'
        
        Not socially valuable
        
        belongs to evrday life
- - - - Threshold Theory 1962:
        
        required a Treshold for C., around 120, but Not Higher
    - - above avg. Intelligence
        
        Balanced personalities - c. men are > feminine
      - Other:
        
        verbal fluency
        
        metaphorical thinking
        
        indipendence, and i. of judgment
        
        tolerance of ambiguity
        
        take risks
        
        courage on convictions, self-confidence and assertiveness
        
        ability to resolve conflicting traits within oneself
      - Most importantly:
        
        Recognize a good Problem in their Domain
    - - Big 'C' comes from many Mini-Insights
      - Network of Enterprises:
        
        C. individual hold Multiple Projects at once
    - - most C. ppl are Intrinstically Motivated,
        Estrinsic Motivation (External rewards) Interfere
      - Most important Predictors of C.:
        
        Hard work
        
        Dedication (Extended hard work and Perseverance)
        
        INTRINSIC Motivation
  - - - Preparation:
        Collecting data, searching Related Ideas
        
        C. is Domain-Specific:
        
        c. ppl are c. only in a Particular domain
        
        C: has Inverted-U relation w Educational level
        
        highed ed. brings overSocialization
      - Incubation
        
        Inc. & Networks of Enterprise:
        
        c. ppl hold Multiple Projects at once
        
        the Unconscious mind can Process
        diff. Project in Parallel
        
        Associationism
        
        New ideas are Associations btw Pre-existing Ideas
        
        c. ppl have a Flatter Assocaitive Hyerarchy,
        a > Interconnected Mind
      - Insight/s
        
        Novel is not the ideas of a domain that compose an Insight, but
        the Way they are Put Together
        
        Alternative theories:
        
        Gestalt theory of productive thinking 1945
        
        Tranformational c. 1999
      - Verification:
        a) Evaluation
        b) Elaboration
        
        a) Evaluation
        
        Productivity theory:
        
        the most c. ppl are the most Productive too
        
        Evrbd has Similar Proportion of Good-to-Bad ideas
        
        Evaluation and Elaboration are intertwined:
        
        cannot Evaluate w/out Elaborating a bit
      - Problems/Limits of Stage theory:
        
        too Linear,
        whiel C. is > Cyclical
      - Finding Problems
        
        C. involves both:
        
        Problem-Solving (Convergent thinking)
        
        Problem-FINDING (Divergent th.)