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How do we get the molecules we need to function? (Carbohydrates - energy…
How do we get the molecules we need to function?
Carbohydrates - energy for cellular processes
Monosaccharides
Single sugars
Honey and fruit
Absorbed in bloodstream
Fructose
Galactose
Glucose
Oxidized in glycolysis for fuel
Polymerized for reserves
Excess forms fat
Polysaccharides
Glycogen from meat
Many sugars
Starch from plant food
Broken down into monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Milk sugar
Cane sugar
Molasses
Beet sugar
Broken down into monosaccharides
Cellulose
Complex carbohydrate
Cannot be digested
Provides fiber
Proteins
Amino acids
Structural proteins
Enzymes
Control rates of metabolic reactions
Clotting factors
Keratins
Elastin and collagen
Antibodies
Hormones
Plasma proteins
Regulate water balance
Deamination
Removal of - NH2
Urea excreted
Acetyl CoA formed
Citric Acid Cycle
Energy - ATP
Glucose / fat molecules
From foods (meats, seafood, legumes, etc)
Complete proteins
All essential amino acids
Incomplete proteins
Lack one or more essential amino acids
Lipids - energy for cellular processes + help build structures
Triglycerides- supply energy
Saturated fats
Animal based food and palm + coconut oils
No double bonds in carbon chains
Unsaturated fats
Seeds, nuts, plant oils
Double bonds in carbon chains
Monosaturated fats
One double bond
Olive, peanut, and canola oil
Healthiest fats
Hydrolysis
Digestion - fatty acids and glycerol
Synthesis in liver
Triglycerides
Lipoproteins
Fatty acids (not essential)
Cholesterol
Phospholipids
Cholesterol
Provides structural material