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Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis (Concepts (Photosynthesis (Complex…
Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis
Concepts
Photosynthesis
Complex process
Carbon dioxide is converted to carbohydrates
Coverts light energy to chemical energy
Entrophy
Disorder
Living things must obey physical law
Sunlight
Maintains or increases orderliness
Indirectly
By organism or eating another organism
Respiration of organic compounds
Directly
process of photosynthesis
produces complex organic compounds
Photoautotrophs
energy from light
Ex: Green plants
Heterotrophs
organic molecules
obtain energy
Environmental and Internal Factors
Leaf Structure
Spongy medohylye
Palisade parenchyma
Good for CO2 absorption and bad for water conservation
C4 Metabolism
CO2 absorbed, transported, and concentration in a leaf
Crossulacean Acid Metabolism
second metabolic adaption
Improves conservation of water
Promotes photosynthesis
Water
Day Time
Stroma open to collect Co2
Bad for water conservation
Night time
Stroma closed to save water
Light
3 view points
Quantity
light intensity and brightness
Duration
hours/days of sunlight
Quality
Color and wavelength
Energy and Reducing Power
Energized pigment enters into two chemical reactions
Two ways to transport
Allow to make 1 or more smaller pigments
Smaller, less energy, controllable
Allow them to enter everything
To large, to energized, hard to control
Reducing power
Other electron carriers
Cytochromes
Small protein contains cofactor, heme, and holds iron atom
Integral part of thylakoid
Plastoquinones
Transport electrons short distances in membrane
Plastocyanin
small protein that carry electron on metal atom
chloroplast membrane
Vocab
Oxidized
Atom doesn't have max electron
Reduced
Electrons added to atom
Energy Carriers
ATP
ADP to ATP
Substrate Level phosphorylation
Compounds with high energy phosphate group forces their phosphate on ADP
Oxidative phosphorylation
Last phase
Photophosphorylation
involves light energy
chloroplast
energy enters through photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Thylakoid reactions
Light dependent
Creates intermediate ATP and NADPH
Photostem 1
energy exits on electron of P700
Red light absorbed
Photostem 2
Orbitals are rearranged
Breakdown of molecules
Oxidized state
Synthesis of ATP
Productions of ATP and NADPH
Will be used for stroma
Stroma Reactions
Conversion of CO2 to carbohydrate
Done in stroma
ATP and NADPH interact with CO2 and produce carbohydrates
Builds everything a plant could need
Example: sugars, fats
Uses light energy to synthesis
CO2 with water to form carbohydrates
Anabolic metabolism
Large molecules rearranged to fit in cytoplasm
Builds larger and more complex molecule
Anabolic pathways storage forms
Intermediate term
Glucose and Sucrose moves cell to cell
Last weeks or months
Long term
Starch
Last for years
Short term
ATP and NADPH
Last short
