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Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis (Energy Carriers (Energy enters the…
Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis
Energy Carriers
Energy enters the biological world through photosynthesis, a process that converts light energy to chemical energy
Sunlight is captured through certain plant pigments. but the energized pigments can only go through 2 chemical reactions
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Photosynthetic reactions produce ATP
3 methods of which ADP can be phosphorylated to ATP.
1.) photo-phosphorylation
2.) substrate level phosphorylation.
3.) oxidation phosphorylation
Every second thousands of molecules are being used and recycled repeatedly, ATP is converted to ADP and phosphate by metabolic reactions
Oxidation and reduction reactions
Oxidation reactions are losing and electron while reductions reactions are gaining an electron
Other electron carriers include cytochromes, plastoquinones, and plastocyanin
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Photosynthesis
Process that uses light energy to synthesize something
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when a botonist uses the term, the reaction being discussed is the combonation of carbon dioxide with water to form carbohydrate
a source of electrons and a source of energy is needed, the electrons come from water and the energy comes from light.
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however, the water and light do not act on the carbon dioxide directly, instead they create the intermediates ATP and NADPH by a process called the light dependent reactions
In stroma reactions, ATP and NADPH act with carbon dioxide directly
light is one small segment of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
Radiation can be thought of and treated physically either as a set of particles called quanta (or quantum) or photons as a set of waves.
Most material absorb certain wavelengths more than other wavelengths
Any material that absorbs certain wavelength specifically and therefore has distinctive color is a pigment.
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during photosynthesis, the carbon of carbon dioxide is reduced and energy is supplied to it, converting it to carbohydrate.
Stroma Reactions
Conversion of carbon dioxide to carbohydrate occurs in the stroma reactions, also called the Calvin / Benson Cycle
Ananbolic metabolism
Most biological molecules are larger than 3-Phosophoglyceraldehyde so it must be rearranged and altered in the cytoplasm to build up larger more complex molecules. This constructive metabolism is called anabolism and consists of anabolic reactions.
