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Sickle Cell Disease (Cell Structure (Cytoplasm (Ribosomes (Makes…

- - - - Route for organelle transportation
    - - Role in structural or tension-bearing role
    - - Resist crushing and buckling of cell
  - - - Makes proteins
    - - Makes proteins and sends them to the Golgi Body
    - - Packages proteins and forms lysosomes
    - - Site of free radical neutralization and detoxification
    - - Site of intracellular digestion
    - - Site of lipid and steroid synthesis and lipid metabolism
    - - Site of ATP synthesis in the cell
  - - - Hydrophobic Tail
        
        Creates a thermodynamic membrane
        Repairs small tears
      - Hydrophilic Head
    - - Function as enzymes, transporters, and receptors
  - - - Site of ribosome assembly
    - - Contains the cell's DNA
- - - - Hydrogen
        
        Protects against damage from free radicals
      - Carbon
        
        Aides in cellular respiration
      - Carboxyl Group
        
        Carbonyl and hydroxyl group
        attached to carbon
        
        Release hydrogen ions
      - Functional Group
        
        Nitrogen atom attached to
        hydrogen atoms
        
        Constitutes uniquity
  - - - Maintain cell's physical structure
    - - Saturated
        
        Lack double bonds
        between carbons
      - Unsaturated
        
        Have at least one double
        carbon bond
        
        Provide energy
      - Yield large amounts
        of energy
  - - - Protects against damage from free radicals
    - - Break down sugars
    - - Aides in cellular respiration
  - - - Energy carrier
    - - Form double strands of DNA
    - - Central molecule
        
        5 sugar molecule
        
        Ribose
        
        Deoxyribose
        
        Carbon
- - - - Coiling or folding of polypeptide chain
    - - Straight chain of amino acids
  - - - Peptide Bonds
        
        Multiple Peptides
        
        Polypeptide
        
        Multiple Polypeptides
        
        Protein
- - - - Cell signaling, metabolism,
        and enzyme reactions
      - Nitrogen
        Base
        
        Purines
        
        Adenine
        
        Stabilize nucleic acid
        structures
        
        Pairs with Thymine (DNA)
        and Uracil (RNA)
        
        Guanine
        
        Stabilize nucleic acid
        structures
        
        Pairs with Cytosine
        
        DNA and RNA
        synthesis
        
        Pyrimidines
        
        Thymine
        
        Stabilize nucleic acid
        structures
        
        Pairs with Adenine
        
        Cytosine
        
        Pairs with Guanine
        
        Stabilize nucleic acid
        structures
        
        Uracil
        
        Pairs with Adenine
        
        Stabilize nucleic acid
        structures; RNA synthesis only
        
        DNA and RNA
        synthesis
      - Sugar
        Group
        
        Allows for cell
        replication
        
        Deoxyribose
      - Phosphate
        Group
        
        Energy carrier
        
        One phosphate covalently bonded
        to four oxygen molecules
      - Chromatin
        
        Package DNA into
        small volume of nucleus
  - - - Chromosomes line up
        in the middle of cell
    - - Centromeres of the
        sister chromatids separate
    - - Microtubules attach to kinetochore
        of each chromosome
    - - Paired chromosomes pulled
        to opposite side of cell
    - - Chromatin condenses into chromosomes;
        nuclear envelope breaks down
    - - Cell divides
- - - - Aides in cellular respiration
    - - Protects against damage from free radicals
    - - Nitrogen atom attached to
        hydrogen atoms
        
        Constitutes uniquity
    - - Carbonyl and hydroxyl group
        attached to carbon
        
        Release hydrogen ions
  - - - Soluble in water
      - Insoluble in organic solvent
    - - Left side of the Fischer projection
    - - 20 codons
        
        Signal for continuation of DNA replication
      - Stop codon
        
        Signal for termination of DNA replication