Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Early River Valley Civilization (Ancient China (Culture (Culture (Family…

- - - - Periods of little to no rain
        
        Limited sources
    - - Floods
        
        Beds of mud Silts
        
        Very fertile land
        
        Unpredictable flooding
        
        Flooded houses and farms
        
        Solutions
        
        Ditch system
        
        Surplus food
        
        Building barriers
        
        Protection
        
        Trading
    - - Land's fertile soil and curved shape gave it that name.
  - - - Gods took care of forces of nature
      - Some of the Gods
        
        Bel The Lord of Heaven and Earth
        
        Anu The Greatest
      - Ziggurats
        
        Temples built to be closer to the gods
        
        Sacrificed items such as animals, food, and wine
      - Land of no return
        
        "A dismal, gloomy place between the Earth's crust and the ancient sea, souls were believed to go there to be judged for their afterlife"
    - - Key terms
        
        (1) advanced cities, (2) specialized workers, (3) com- plex institutions, (4) record keeping, and (5) improved technology.
    - - Hammurabi
        
        Hammurabi's code
        
        The laws were written as legal documents meaning the served for the propose of informing the people, in a detached manner. This means we have no information about how people felt and how they reacted to those laws.
        
        Unfair and fair Laws
        
        The goal of Hammurabi's code is to bring righteousness over the land, the power to destroy evil and wicked and bring enlightenment to the people. He wanted to bring the sense of justice "An eye for an eye" and "Strong should not harm the weak"
        
        King
        
        Hammurabi got his power by showing his legacy throughout the people's beliefs, meaning he wrote in the rules "gods gave him (Hammurabi) the righteousness over the land, the power to destroy evil and wicked, and bring enlightenment to the people" meaning he as a prince used the gods and the religion to get more power.
      - Differences of gender and classes
        
        Rule 138 states: 'that if a man wants to divorce of a women who did not borne him a child he can." but the women can't decide that after the divorce all she receives the money that her family gave her husband
      - Hierachy
        
        Priest and Kings
        
        Landowners, government officials, wealthy merchants
        
        Farmers and artisans (metal, stone, wood, pottery)
        
        Slaves and criminals
- - - - Xia
        
        Leader --> Yu he had projects that helped control the floods and irrigation
      - Anyang
        
        Built mostly out of wood
        
        Used earthen walls for protection
        
        Constantly at war
    - - Family
        
        Central to Chinese society
        
        important virtue was to respect one's parents.
        
        Elder men in the family controlled the family's property
        
        Women did not have rights
      - Social classes
        
        Sharply divided between nobles and peasents
      - Religious beliefs
        
        Family linked to religion
        
        Spirits of ancestors
        
        Brought good fortune or disaster to the living
        
        Shang kings consulted the gods by using oracle bones
        
        Oracle Bone One of the animal bones or tortoise shells used by ancient Chinese priests to communicate with the gods.
    - - Each character stands for one syllable
        
        No links between spoken and written
  - - - Fertile soil called loess
      - Two major rivers: Huang He (Yellow River) and Chang Jiang (Yangtze)
    - - Floods could be disastrous (sometimes devoured whole villages)
      - Isolation = no trading
      - Natural boundaries did not protect China from invasions
    - - Only 10% of China's land is suitable for farming
      - heartland the central or most important part of a country, area, or field of activity.
      - Fertile land found between, close by rivers
  - - - Central view of government
    - - Coined money
        
        Further improved trade
      - Blast furnaces
        
        Cast iron was developed
      - Roads and canals
        
        Stimulated trade and agriculture
- - - - Seasonal winds
        
        October - February = winds from the northeast blow westward
        
        Dry air
        
        June - October = winds blow eastward from the southwest
        
        Moist air from the ocean
    - - Unpredictable floods
      - River changed courses
      - Wet and dry seasons brought by Monsoons
  - - - Strong levees or earthen walls
      - Harappan civilization
        
        Planned Cities
        
        Houses featured bathrooms with water flow and then went to the sewage
        
        City built with mud-brick to be a protection against floods
        
        Culture
        
        Language
        
        Written language
        
        Impossible to decipher
        
        About 400 symbols
        
        Religion
        
        Theocracy
        
        No temples
        
        Only prayed to the gods
        
        trade
        
        sliver and gold from Afghanistam
        
        Semiprecious stones from Persia
        
        Jewelry from Deccan Plateau
      - Cities laid out in precise grid system
- - - - There were two different crowns a white and red when Egypt untied the crowns were fused together
    - - Pharaohs ruled like gods. Pharaohs instead of getting their power from the gods, they were believed to be as splendid as the gods. This religion is called Theocracy
        
        Pyramids
        
        Builders of the Pyramids Egyptians believed that their king ruled even after his death.
    - - Polytheistic (belief in many gods)
      - Belief of afterlife
  - - - Upper is lower and lower is upper. That is because the Egyptians did not have a sense of direction or by any means have a compass
      - United
        
        United by the rule of one king, There is conflicting historical evidence over who united Upper and Lower Egypt. Some evidence points to a king called Scorpion. More solid evidence points to a king named Narmer.
    - - Good points
        
        Natural Barrer
        
        Rich soil
      - Bad points
        
        When the Nile’s floodwaters were just a few feet lower than normal, the amount of fresh silt and water for crops was greatly reduced. Thousands of people starved.
        
        floodwaters were a few feet higher than usual, the unwanted water destroyed houses and farms
  - - - Calender (helped tracking river flooding)
        
        System of written numbers