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Early River Civilizations (Egypt (Nile River (Floods (Less than expected =…
Early River Civilizations
Egypt
Geography
The large desert in the North used to protect the Indus Valley.
Indus River = Southwest from the Himalayas -- Arabian Sea
Indus / Ganges = water make up a large area that stretches 1,700 miles across Northern India.
Earlist Arrivals
Arrived by the sea from Africa = settled Africa
Northern Migrants - way through the Khyber Pass
Khyber Pass: Hindu Kush Mountains
Environment Challenges
Yearly floods
Unpredictable floods along Indus
Wet and Dry seasons
Planned Cities
They built Pyramids for the Kings that were considered Gods.
The Pyramids were built to do somethign especial for the Kings in the after life.
Happened the Harappan Planning.
Irrigation Systems.
Language
created a written language
used to use the Harappan Language, but has been impossible to decipher.
Culture
Theocracy
Animals were considered important
Hindu culture
Polytheisis
Nile River
Rich Soil
Main source of water for the Egyptians
Gods = helped grow the crops and control the floods
Natural Barrier
Floods
Less than expected = sometimes = crops dindt grow + people starved
More than expected = sometimes = could destroy the hole village + granaries
Indus River
Culture
Indus River
Region with people
good location for transportation
good trades
animals = considered important
society
weapons = few
nonessentil goods = produced a lot
Religion
Theocracy
Rulers = ties with religion
Geography
Challenges
Unpredictable monsoons
Unpredictable flood
Change course = rivers
Moonsons
Summer season
heavy rain = causing floods
Winter season
Dry season
Deccan Plateau
Dry region
Eastern and Western Ghats = Low Mountains
Moist air = keep away from reaching the plain
Indo- Gangetic Plain
River ganges = Himalayas - Northern india
Occupied by the Thar desert
Farming = only possible in watered areas
Civilization
Planned cities
Harappa
advanced planning
archeological discoveries
Harappan planing
different system = rich population
based = agriculture
royalty and temple = protection
Human Island
no water
flooding = cities above
Human settlement
farming
influenced a big area
Language
Written language
No one had decipher yet
400 symbols
China
Geography
River Systems
major rivers systems = mountains west to the pacific ocean
Environmental Challenges
floods
isolation
invasions
Chinese Writing
speaking = different writing
only one syllable
everyone = learns same system
Improvements
Technology and trade
Roads and Canals = estimulate trade and agriculture
Coined money = improved trade
Blast furnaces = cast iron = developed
Loess = fertile soil
Governments
Feudalism
controle over differents regions and different rules
Fisrt Dynasties
Xia Dynasty
leader = Yu
controling the floods = tamed Huang He
Shang Dysnaty
leave written records = first
Palaces and Thombs
Anyang = Capital
Qin Dynasty
Qinshihuang = leader
Terracota Army
Great Wall
Culture
family
woman brings sons to the family
woman = inferior
man = superior
social classes
divided in two groups ( nobels and peasants)
religion
oracle of bones = consulting the gods
spirits of the samily ancestors
Mesopotamia
Sumerian Culture
Polytheism
Gods = controlled nature
believe in more than one god
demons = cursed crops
Hierarchy
Both genders = affected by the social classes
City States
Ziggurat
Temple = priest communicate with the gods
in the middle of all the cities
many cities with the same culture
each city had their government
had a lot of food suplies
Geography
desert
land between rivers = protection
Rivers = Tigres and Euphrates
Challenges
flooding
They had limited resources
No barriers
Solutions
City walls = built for the protection of the floods
Started using the irrigation system
Trading
Science and Technology
Arithmetic and Geomety
Devoleped a number system in base 60 = modern units for measuring time and also the 360 degrees of a circle
Architectural innovations
some of the ziggurat architectural influenced Mesopotamia civilization
Cuneiform
Created a system of writting
It means wedge-shaped
First Empire Builders
Sargon of Akkad
created the world's first empire
Empire brings: several people, nations, previously independent states
Babylonian Empire
nomadic warriors invaded Mesopotamia
Babylonian Empire reached it's peak during the reign of Hammurabi
Hammurabi's Code
collected existing rules, judgements, and laws into the code of Hammurabi
Sources
Holt McDougal World History Book - Chapter 2 - Early River Valleys
Meaning
Earl River Valleys
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