Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Early River Civilizations (Ancient Egypt Holt,Ch 2 S2 (Geography (Natural…
Early River Civilizations
Mesopotamia Holt, Ch2 S1
Indus River Valley Holt, Chp2 S3
Ancient Egypt Holt,Ch 2 S2
Geography
Located on the Nile river
Natural Barriers
Desert
Ocean
Environmental challenges
Floods water some times was small and some times it was big
Desert limited contact with other civilizations
Upper and lower Egypt
Upper Egypt is located at the south
Lower Egypt is located at the north
Culture
Religion
Polytheist
Ra the sun god
mummification was a process to take the dead to the after life
Writing
Hieroglyphics
Social Classes
The Pharaohs were considered gods
pyramids were built for the dead pharaohs
Important people and cities
People
Pharaoh Khufu
He created the pyramids
Narmer
He united upper and lower Egypt
Cities
Memphis
Key terms
Delta:A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake
Papyrus: A reed that grows along the banks of the Nile River in Egypt. From it was produced a coarse, paperlike writing medium used by the Egyptians and many other peoples in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East.
Theocracy: A government controlled by religious leaders
Ancient China Holt, Ch2 S4
Geography
Located on the Fertile Cresent
Between two important rivers
Euprhates
Tigris
Map of the fertile crescent
Environmental Challenges
Unpredictable floods
No natural barriers
Few natural resources
Solutions
Trade grain , cloth and tools for materials
Build walls cites for defence
Build irrigation ditches to control water
Culture
They used cuneiform
Starting to use bronze tools
They created :
Plow
Wheel
sail boat
They where polytheist
key terms
Ziggurat: a temple tower of ancient Mesopotamia
polytheism: Believe on many gods
dynasty: A series of rulers from a single family
important people and places
Hammurabi was a member of the Amorite family
He united all cite states and formed the first empire
Hammurabi's law code
Tool to unify expanding the empire
Law for the Babylonian society
Through the law code, He wanted to protect the weak
Written in stele
City states
Urk
KIsh
Lagash
Umma
Ur
independent political unit ruled by monarchs
Each city state had a Ziggurat
Geopraphy:
located on India
Near the rivers
Ganges
Indus
They were isolated from other cultures by
Himalayas
Desert
Natural barriers
Gave protection to the
environmental challenges:
Monssons
rainfall unpredictable
Unpredictable Floods
Culture:
No great social division
Religion
Politheists
Priest and linked to rulers
Religious artefacts reveal links to modern Hindu culture
language
Scientist can't desirer it
400 symbols
Important places:
Two important cities
Mohenjo Daro
Harrapa
Builded of brick
swague system
Planed cities
The Great Bath
No one knows its purpose
City build on a mud brick platform
To avoid flooding
Key terms
Deccan Plateau:A high area of land at the center of the Indian subcontinent.
Subcontinent: A large landmass that is smaller than a continent
Decline
sings of decline began in 1759 B.C.
Theorys
Invaded by the Aryans
I Belive on this theory because there is more proves than the other ones that the Aryans passed there and since they are nomads they probably attacked the cities.
Geography
They were isolated from other civilizations
Lack of trade
Natural barriers
Ocenas
Mountains
Deserts
Two rivers
Huang He (Yellow River)
Yangtsé
Culture
Social classes
King and Warrior-nobles
Lead society and owned the lands
Religion
Polytheistic
Supreme God
Shang Di
Oracle bones used to communicate with gods
Believed that spirits of dead ancestors can affect fortunes
Culture
They see china as The Center of the world
View others as uncivilazied
Family
Was the central social constitution
Elder males controlled the family
Women needed to obey all men
Writing
Huge number of characters
System was difficult to learn
Used symbols
Represented syllables not ideas
Key terms
Mandate of Heaven:a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source
Dynastic cycle: the historical pattern of the rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties
Loess: A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt
Important people and places
Dynasties
Shang
1700 B.C.
First to leave written records
Zhou
1027 B.C
Technology and trade
To improve transportation they builded
Roads
Canals
Used coins
Produced iron tools and weapons
Warring states
Nomads enter the Zhou capital
Murdered the monarch
Lou-yang became the new capital
Internal wars destroyed traditions
Take control by feudalism
System where kings gave lands to nobles in exchange for military services
Xia
2000 B.C.
Yu, first ruler
Cities
