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GRAMMAR (OTHER WAYS TO GRAMMAR (Test-teach-test (Practice: restricted…
GRAMMAR
OTHER WAYS
TO GRAMMAR
Task-based
learning (TBL)
Authentic exposure
Activities that promote 'noticing'
Test-teach-test
Practice: restricted output
Clarification:
guided discovery
Presentation: restricted output
Lead-in
Text starts
Activities that promote 'noticing'
Authentic exposure
Clarification: guided discovery
100% exposure
Authentic exposure
RESTRICTED OUTPUT
Exercises
Feedback
strategies
Written exercises
Elicit dialogues
Before class
In class
Follow-on activities
Drills
Substitution drills
Transformation drills
Variations: who speaks
and how they speak
True sentences
Games
Split sentences
Grammar quiz
Picture dictation
Board games
WHAT IS IT?
Thornbury: "active skill of using a language"
Learning process
Notice
Understand
Use
Exposure
Remember
CLARIFICATION
Guided discovery
Reflecting on use
Hypothesising rules
Problems and puzzles
Contexts and situations
Questions about function
Sentence analysis
Questions about form
Discussion about language
Sentence analysis
Self-directed discovery
Learner tells himself
Teacher explanation
T gives helpful explanations
PRESENTATION
AND PRACTISE
Sequence of teaching
Clarification:
explanation
Restricted output
Lead-in
Restricted output
Authentic output
Including
restricted material
Restricted exposure
Clarification:
guided discovery
Restricted output
Restricted output
Authentic output
Lead-in
Present-pratise cycle
Use
Learning
Input
