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What Factors explain the development of Authoritarian regimes in the 20th…
What Factors explain the development of Authoritarian regimes in the 20th century?
The impact of WWI
After the devastation of WWI, democracy failed to sustain itself
WWI was the "evidence" that discipline and control would create national order
There was "evidence" for the benefits of a totalitarian state
Large and rapid extension with centralized control
In WWI, democratic procedures were inefficient
WWI make believe that process was not spontaneously and has to be imposed
In Germany, democracy was not capable of relief people bitterness of their defeat in 1918
Self-determination
It didn't apply in democracy since it was applied in a very selective way
The principle was not applied to the defeated nations of WWI
It was used as a justification for dismembering countries
It created deep sense of grievance
France and Britain wanted to continue holding their colonies, violating self-determination
Impact of economic crisis
Post-war trend was unremittingly grim
Fragile democratic structures collapsed
The authoritarian regimes gain popularity
Middle class converted in supporters of constitutionalism
Extreme right groups appeared
The impact of WWII
There was a collective need of a united state
After the defeat of WWI, countries relied on authoritarian methods
People sacrificed freedom by national security and survival
Totalitarian methods ensure the survival of countries
"The USSR could defeat Nazi Germany because they were totalitarian"
Inter-war dictatorships
Many states abandoned any pretensions to liberal-democracy
After 1930, it appeared crippling limits on democratic institution
Russia (communist)
Italy (fascist)
Germany (nazism)
Spain (ultra-nationalist)
"Democracies justify and perpetuate their rule over the people"
Countries all over the world tend to have an authoritarian state
Weak democracies
Democracy was seen as a fake one
Democracy was not one of the Allies aims in WWI
The idea of the "democratic Allies" defied common sense
Russia finished WWI as a failed monarchy with a non democratic revolution
The US gave the "democratic" image of the Allies