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Population Geography (Factors affecting fertility and mortality rates…

- - - - Designed to slow rapid population growth
      - Economic penalties for having second child
  - - - Show the impact of: Migration, War, Major Epidemics Gender imbalances
    - - Combined Population in 0-14 and > 65 age ranges
    - - High stationary
      - Early expanding
      - Late expanding
      - Low stationary
      - Declining
- - - - affected by the movement of
        refugees and foreign workers
    - - initiated by climatic disasters, military
        conflict, civil disorder and famine
    - - Iran and Pakistan hosting millions of
        afghan refugees
    - - Oil revenues in Gulf States led to demand for foreign labour
      - Refugees from conflict
    - - Increased mobility within the European Union
    - - Resettlement Migration
      - Contract Migrations
      - Guest Workers
      - Business Migrations
      - Student Migrations
      - Refugees
        
        Syrian Civil War
        
        Civil War
        
        Groups supported by different world powers
        
        Violently put-down by al-Assad dictatorship
        
        Human Impact
        
        Casualties: almost 500,000 killed
        
        11 million displaced
        
        313,000 arrivals in Europe
        
        International migration to Australia
        
        Since WW2, over 6 million migrants have migrated to Australia
        
        Today, close to 1 in 4 of the Australian population were born overseas
      - Slave Trade
        
        transatlantic slave trade
        
        12-30 million Africans transported to the Americas
  - - - urban growth
      - urbanisation
      - push factors
        
        famine
        
        war and civil unrest
        
        poverty
      - pull factors
        
        better access to health care, education
        
        securing a higher standard of living with higher rates of employment
        
        access to entertainment and the ‘bright lights
      - Counter-urbanisation
        
        Increase in technology
        
        increase in transportation
    - - decline of manufacturing
      - growth of service sector
- - - - Developing world - not enough land
      - Without land to grow food, increased dependence on cash income to obtain
        food
    - - Requires creation of large numbers of jobs
      - Currently 0.5 billion people underemployed
- - - - Globally
      - Developing World
      - Developed World
    - - Decrease in mortality rates
      - Increase in life expectancy
      - Due to improvements in: Medical care. Public health, Nutrition, Education
    - - Birth rate
        
        Highest: Africa, South East Asia
        
        Lowest: Europe, Australia, New Zealand
      - Fertility Rate
        
        Global Rate:
        
        1950 FR = 5.0
        
        2018 FR = 2.5
        
        Highest: Niger, Somalia
        
        Lowest: USA, Australia
      - Ageing population
        
        Developed World
        
        Today: >60yr 20%
        
        2050: >60yr 32%
        
        Developing World
        
        Today: >60yr 6%
        
        2050: >60yr 20%
      - Death Rate
        
        Highest: Sub Saharan Africa
      - Infant Mortality
        
        Highest: Afghanistan
        
        Lowest: Developed Countries
    - - Peak at 11 billion in 2100
        Depends on drop in FR in developing world
        Dramatic drops in rapidly developing countries