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HOSPITAL HYGIENE (CLEANING PRINCIPLES AND METHODS (GENERAL PRINCIPLES…

- - - - Dirt inactivates disinfectants and protects microorganisms from contact with disinfectants and sterilizers.
        
        Proper cleaning of the hospital environment reduces the microbial load of environmental surfaces.
    - - Detergent: It is a cleaning agent that acts on wet surfaces reducing surface tension, contains an active cleaning agent and suspends dirt.
        
        Dirt includes different substances: some are water soluble or insoluble, others organic or inorganic.
        There is no agent that by itself removes all types of dirt.
        A cleaning product must be able to:
        
        Dispense and suspend dirt
        
        Dissolve the proteins
        
        Emulsify and saponify fats
    - - Personnel performing the task must:
        
        Comply with biosafety standards (Standard precautions)
        
        Know and strictly comply with the rules regarding occupational hazards
        
        Wear appropriate clothing keeping the uniform visibly clean
        
        Wear waterproof apron, chinstrap and goggles if there is a risk of splashing or in high-risk sectors or insulation as appropriate
        
        Wear resistant gloves (domestic type)
        
        Wash your hands before and after entering to perform the tasks and before and after the use of gloves
        
        Being vaccinated for hepatitis B, double adults (diphtheria and tetanus)
  - - - Start it from the less dirty areas progressing to the dirtiest and from the highest to the lowest
      - Higher surfaces should be cleaned with an element impregnated with a cleaning agent avoiding dispersal of dust
      - It should be noted if there are stains on the ceiling or on the walls caused by loss of the pipes. If they exist they must be repaired to reduce the risk of environmental fungus development
      - The walls, windows and doors including the handles should be cleaned regularly as well when visibly dirty
      - Horizontal surfaces including tables, bed chairs, shelves or other installations attached to the wall should be cleaned with a cloth soaked in a detergent, rinsed and disinfected with 0.1% lavandina water
      - In the rooms of patients in isolation the same cleaning methodology will be used
      - It is important to always carefully and thoroughly clean the elements of the patient's unit
      - The use of curtains is not advised, if they exist they should be changed and cleaned regularly to avoid the accumulation of dust
      - In case of spills of bodily fluids on the surfaces, proceed as follows: put on gloves, cover the surface with absorbent paper, remove as much dirt, throw away the paper and finally proceed with cleaning as usual
      - Clean the bathrooms properly at least once a day, especially the toilets and other elements attached to the walls
      - Remove fungi in tile joints and bathtubs
      - Repeat cleaning whenever necessary
      - Cleaning should be done with movements in only one direction, so as not to re-dirty the areas that have already been cleaned