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Chapter 1 Exploring Linux Command-Line Basics CompTIA Linux+ (4.Using…
Chapter 1
Exploring Linux Command-Line Basics
CompTIA Linux+
1.Understanding Command-Line Basics
Exploring your Linux shell options
bash
bsh
tcsh
csh
ksh
zsh
Using a Shell
Starting a Shell
Exploring shell configuration
Shells are configured through files that hold configuration options in a plain-text format
Using environment variables
They are like variables in programming languages
Getting help
Linux provides a text-based help system known as man.
Using internal and external commands
Internal commands are built into the shell
External commands do the same things but aren't always installed on all systems
Using Streams, Redirection and Pipes
Redirecting Input and Output
You use symbols following the command, including any options it takes
Piping data between programs
Used to operate on other programs' outputs.
Exploring types of streams
Standard input
Standard output
Standard error
Generating command lines
3.Processing Text Using Filters
File-Formatting Commands
fmt: used to reformat paragraphs
nl: numbers all the non blank lines in a file
pr: prepare a file to print with headers, footers, page breaks.
File-Viewing Commands
head: echoes the first 10 lines of one or more files
tail: displays the last 10 lines of one or more files
less: enable you to read a file a screen at a time
File-Transform Commands
expand: convert tabs to spaces
od: display files in octal
sort: create a sorted output file
split: can split a file into two or more files
tr: changes individual characters from standard input
unexpand: converts multiple spaces to tabs
uniq: removes duplicate lines
File-Summarizing Commands
cut: extracts portions of input lines and displays them on standard output
wc: counts the words of a file
File-Combining Commands
cat: concatenates an arbitrary number of files of end to end and sends the result to standard output
join: combines the files by matching the contents of specified fields
paste: merges files line by line, separating the lines from each file with tabs
4.Using Regular Expressions
Bracket expressions
Range expressions
Any single character
Start and end of line
Repetition operators
Parentheses
Escaping
5.Using Grep
Searches for files that contain an specified string and returns the name of the file and a line of context for that string
6.Using Sed
Directly modifies the contents of files, sending the changed file to standard output
Daniela Porras Quiros
2015071255