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System Resources (Network (Network devices (Hub (Redirects data packages…

- - - - Lots of cables and hubs / switches needed
      - limits mobility
      - susceptible to daily wear and damage
    - - more reliable
      - more secure, remains within cable
      - Faster connection of up to 10Gb/s can be transfered
  - - - Users are more flexible
      - Cheaper to install
      - Large amount of users can join
    - - Transmission is more exposed
      - signal coverage could be limited
      - Other signals could disturb it
  - - - Redirects data packages meant for one computer through the entire network with Ethernet cables
    - - Operates like a hub, but it is smart, meaning only the computer which requests the data receives it
    - - A device which links multiple Networks with eachother
- - - - SDRAM (Single data rate RAM) sends data on rising edge of clock cycle
        
        Used today in RAM DIMMS
      - DDR RAM (Double data rate RAM) Sends data on both rising AND falling edge of clock cycle
        
        DDR2 is twice as fast as DDR because it allows for a higher bus speed and for less electricity to be used
        
        DDR 3 is twice as fast as DDR 2
        
        DDR4 is twice as fast as DDR 3
        
        You can't mix different kinds of DDR because a motherboard only allows for one type of DDR Ram being used
    - - Uses Flip Flops to retain data
      - No constant refresh necessary
      - More expensive
      - Used for CPU Cache
      - Uses Semiconductors
    - - DIMMS are installed in the motherboard's memory slots
        
        Every motherboard has approx. 2-4 memory slots
      - DIMMS transfer 64 bits at a time
    - - ECC (error correcting code) detects errors in sensitive systems using an extra memory chip on a RAM DIMM
  - - - Usually programmed by the manufacturer
    - - Erasable with UV light
    - - Electronically erasable and programmable
        
        BIOS Firmware updates
- - - - more durable
- - - - Essentially acts as a secondary RAM
        
        Stores data that the CPU requests very often
        
        Uses SRAM, which is expensive but very fast
        
        CPU cache comes in 3 different levels
        
        Level1 is the closest to the CPU, therefore the most important files are stored there
        Level 2 is slightly further away from the CPU and holds slightly less important data than level 1. It is still very fast but slightly slower than level 1.
        Level 3 is a backup of level 1 and level 2 which is why it is the furthest distance from the CPU
    - - Every core can handle a different task at the same time, allowing the CPU to multitask
      - dual core + quad core computers
        
        each core has its own fetch-execute cycle
    - - Increases performance of CPU cores
      - Enables multiple threads for more efficiency (more tasks at same time) while retaining speed of your computer
      - Works by allocating unused processing power at transition times
        The extra power is then supplied to the PC using an extra virtual processor which the operating system can manage just as if it were a physical core
    - - Cycles per second can be executed
      - measured in gigahertz
      - number of instructions the computer executes
    - - Number of bits that CPU can process simultaeneously
      - Typical a Computer System word length is either 31-bit or 64-bit
    - - width determines the amount of "addressable" locations
    - - Number of bits that can be transferred simultaneously from one device to another
      - If data bus = 16-bit and address bus = 32 bits, the data is fetched in 2 x 16 bit groups
    - - process is managed by DMA controller chip
      - DMA (process) , lets Input/Output devices receive/send data to Main Memory avoiding the CPU (speeding up the process)